百里酚亚微乳剂具有抗禾谷镰刀菌活性并能抑制小麦赤霉病

Thymol-based submicron emulsions exhibit antifungal activity against Fusarium graminearum and inhibit Fusarium head blight in wheat

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中文摘要:禾谷镰刀菌是一个极具破坏性的病原真菌,引起小麦赤霉病,每年因作物损失及清理整治给种植者带来数百万美元的损失。当前的应对措施包括配置抗赤霉病小麦品种与定时杀菌剂处理相结合。本文中介绍了一种基于百里酚,从精油中提取的天然植物酚杀菌剂。研究表明百里酚乳剂在减轻FHB中是当前百里酚处理和化学杀菌剂的一种有效的天然替代药剂。首次展示了百里酚纳米乳剂颗粒重悬于水而非DMSO中,具有与前面描述的百里酚及百里酚油相同的抗细/真菌活性。用百里酚作杀真菌剂处理大田作物,将大大减少环境足迹。
外文摘要:Aims Fusarium graminearum is a very destructive fungal pathogen that leads to Fusarium head blight (FHB) in wheat, a disease which costs growers millions of dollars annually both in crop losses and in remediation efforts. Current countermeasures include the deployment of wheat varieties with some resistance to FHB in conjunction with timed fungicide treatments. In this article, we introduce a fungicide based on thymol, a naturally occurring plant phenolic derived from essential oils. To overcome the hydrophobicity of thymol, the thymol active was incorporated into a low-surfactant submicron emulsion with and without a carrier oil. Methods and Results The minimum fungicidal concentration of F. graminearum was found to be both 0·02% for thymol emulsions with and without an oil component. Time-to-kill experiments showed that thymol emulsions were able to inactivate F. graminearum in as little as 10 s at concentrations above 0·06%. Spraying the thymol emulsions (~0·1% range) on the wheat variety Bobwhite demonstrated significant reductions in FHB infection rate (number of infected spikelets). However, with 0·5% thymol, the wheat heads exhibited premature senescence. Transmission and scanning electron micrographs suggest that the mechanism of antifungal action is membrane mediated, as conidia exposed to thymol showed complete organelle disorganization and evidence of lipid emulsification. Conclusion The collective experimental data suggest that thymol emulsions may be an effective naturally derived alternative to the current thymol treatments, and chemical fungicides in ameliorating FHB. Significance and Impact of the Study This is the first thymol-derived nanoemulsion particles resuspended into water and not DMSO, exhibiting the same antibacterial/antifungal activity as previously described thymol and thyme oil treatments. This drastically reduces the environmental footprint thymol will leave if utilized as a fungicide treatment on field crops.
外文关键词:antifungal;biocide;Fusarium graminearum;thymol;wheat
作者:Gill, TA;Li, J;Saenger, M;Scofield, SR
作者单位:Purdue Univ
期刊名称:JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY
期刊影响因子:2.156
出版年份:2016
出版刊次:4
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  1. 编译服务:农产品质量安全
  2. 编译者:虞德容
  3. 编译时间:2017-03-29