中文摘要：霉菌毒素污染食品和饲料作物是全球共同关注的问题。病原真菌曲霉和青霉，因为生产霉菌毒素如黄曲霉毒素、4-脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、棒曲霉素及许多其他有毒次生代谢产物，大幅降低农作物的价值，是粮食和饲料作物的主要威胁。通常将宿主抗性基因通过传统育种或转基因导入到优良种质中，但随着时间的推移，抗性往往受到不断变化的病原体的影响。通过基于RNAi宿主诱导的病原体最优生长、毒力和/或产毒所需的关键基因沉默，可以作为采收前疾病控制的替代方法。RNAi是一种稳定有效的方法，以高度的针对性，组织特异的方式抗侵害作物的产毒真菌。本综述就已出版的关于利用基于RNAi的方法控制作物霉菌毒素污染的文献提供了关键和综合的评价。并探讨了更好地了解RNAi消除霉菌毒素污染的作用模式，从而改善食品和饲料安全的实验策略。
外文摘要：Mycotoxin contamination in food and feed crops is a major concern worldwide. Fungal pathogens of the genera Aspergillus. Fusarium, and Penicillium are a major threat to food and feed crops due to production of mycotoxins such as aflatoxins, 4-deoxynivalenol, patulin, and numerous other toxic secondary metabolites that substantially reduce the value of the crop. While host resistance genes are frequently used to introgress disease resistance into elite germplasm, either through traditional breeding or transgenic approaches, such resistance is often compromised by the evolving pathogen over time. RNAi-based host-induced gene silencing of key genes required by the pathogen for optimal growth, virulence and/or toxin production, can serve as an alternative, pre-harvest approach for disease control. RNAi represents a robust and efficient tool that can be used in a highly targeted, tissue specific manner to combat mycotoxigenic fungi infecting crop plants. Successful transgenic RNAi implementation depends on several factors including (1) designing vectors to produce double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) that will generate small interfering RNA (siRNA) species for optimal gene silencing and reduced potential for off-target effects; (2) availability of ample target siRNAs at the infection site; (3) efficient uptake of siRNAs by the fungus; (4) siRNA half-life and (5) amplification of the silencing effect. This review provides a critical and comprehensive evaluation of the published literature on the use of RNAi-based approaches to control mycotoxin contamination in crop plants. It also examines experimental strategies used to better understand the mode of action of RNAi with the aim of eliminating mycotoxin contamination, thereby improving food and feed safety.
外文关键词：gene silencing；mycotoxin；fungi；disease resistance；host-induced gene silencing (HIGS)；biotechnology；host-pathogen interaction；RNAi
作者：Majumdar, R；Rajasekaran, K；Cary, JW
作者单位：USDA ARS
期刊名称：FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
期刊影响因子：4.495
出版年份：2017
出版刊次：2
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