中文摘要：B型单端孢霉烯霉菌毒素如脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）、3-乙酰脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（3-ADON）、15-乙酰脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（15-ADON）、雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(NIV)及玉米赤霉烯酮（ZEN）污染小麦及小麦粉尘。霉菌毒素在摄取时有毒，并认为在吸收时有潜在毒性。食品中霉菌毒素的膳食暴露是受控的，而缺乏粮食产业工人由吸入造成的职业暴露的资料。本研究旨在弄清在谷物收获和卸载过程中产生的气溶胶中DON、3-ADON、15-ADON、NIV和ZEN的发生率及粮食产业工人的暴露风险，为将来研究霉菌毒素的毒性有关浓度对呼吸健康的影响提供宝贵的资料。
外文摘要：Type B trichotecens such as deoxynivalenol (DON), 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-ADON), 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-ADON), nivalenol (NIV) and zearalenone (ZEN) are mycotoxins contaminating wheat and wheat dust. Mycotoxins are toxic upon ingestion and considered potentially toxic when inhaled. Whereas dietary exposure to mycotoxins is controlled in food, data on occupational exposure by inhalation by grain workers are scarce. The objectives of this study were to determine the incidence of DON, 3-ADON, 15-ADON, NIV and ZEN in aerosols generated during grain harvesting and unloading and the risk of exposure of grain workers. Aerosols were collected during the threshing of 78 winter wheat fields and grain unloading of 59 grain lots in six grain terminals in the Vaud region (Switzerland). The samples represented the diversity of the winter wheat cultivar and of the farming system (88 treated with fungicides, 46 untreated). Using a HPLC MS/MS method developed to quantify mycotoxins in aerosols, we report that the mycotoxin content of aerosols was not affected by the wheat cultivars or farming system, but that the incidence of the mycotoxins differed between activities. While wheat harvesting generated on average 28, 20 and 1 ng·m-3 of DON, NIV and ZEN, respectively, grain unloading generated 53, 46 and 4 ng·m-3. Personal sampling revealed that working in a cab was an efficient protective measure. However, it was not sufficient to avoid chronic exposure to multiple mycotoxins. The most exposed activity was the cleaning, exposing workers to DON, NIV and ZEN at concentrations as high as 65, 59 and 3 ng·m-3. These data provide valuable information for future studies of mycotoxin toxicity at relevant concentrations on respiratory health.
外文关键词：mycotoxins；exposure assessment；aerosols；grain dust；wheat；LC-MS/MS
作者：Niculita-Hirzel, H；Hantier, G；Storti, F；Plateel, G；Roger, T
作者单位：Univ Lausanne & Geneva
期刊名称：TOXINS
期刊影响因子：3.571
出版年份：2016
出版刊次：12
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