中文摘要：玉米最易感染产伏马菌素的串珠镰刀菌。自然感染的粮食总伏马菌素由FB1、FB2和FB3组成，而以FB1自然发生的含量更高。玉米植株可能受不止一种串珠镰刀菌感染，而找到一种可靠的方法弄清这些菌株的产毒能力对于推断粮食可能给消费者带来的伏马菌素风险非常重要。目前尚不清楚串珠镰刀菌在不同的培养基中产生的伏马菌素含量以及伏马菌素类似物的比率是否相似。本研究在南非波切夫斯特鲁姆用伏马菌素以三种方式1)液体培养基，2) 玉米饼及3)田间试验（花丝通道接种谷粒）测试了九株串珠镰刀菌。研究发现在花丝通道接种方式中伏马菌素类似物FB2仅次于含量最高的FB1，居第二位。GCI 282菌株产生的FB2和FB3的量高于分别在玉米饼及谷粒中的FB1含量。为避免算错每株串珠镰刀菌产生的伏马菌素及类似物比值，必须为每个菌株优化生长培养基，且必须使用一个以上的生长培养基。
外文摘要：Maize is most often infected by the fumonisin-producing Fusarium verticillioides. Total fumonisins of natural infected grain is made up of FB1, FB2 and FB3 with FB1 occurring naturally at higher levels. A maize plant can be infected with more than one F. verticillioides isolate, and finding a reliable method to elucidate the toxigenic potential of these isolates is important to extrapolate the possible fumonisin risk to consumers of grain. It is not clear whether F. verticillioides produce similar fumonisin levels, as well as fumonisin analogue ratios across media. In this study nine F. verticillioides isolates were subjected to three methods of fumonisin testing using 1) liquid media, 2) maize patties and 3) a field trial (silk inoculation of grain) in Potchefstroom, South Africa. Spore concentrations of 1 x 106 conidia ml-1 of each isolate were used to inoculate the different media and levels fumonisin analogues were measured using HPLC. Fumonisin production per isolate was highly variable and was influenced by the two-way interaction of F. verticillioides isolate x growth media. Total fumonisins produced in the liquid medium ranged between 0 to 21.3 ppm, on maize patties fumonisins ranged between 0 to 21.5 ppm and in the silk inoculation technique they ranged from 0 to 15.5 ppm. The fumonisin analogue FB1 occurred at higher levels followed by FB3 in both the in vitro studies. In the silk inoculation technique fumonisin analogue FB2 was the second highest occurring analogue after FB1. Isolate GCI 282 produced higher FB2 and FB3 levels than FB1 in the patties and the grain, respectively. In order not to miscalculate the fumonisin and analogue ratio levels per F. verticillioides isolate the growth medium will have to be optimised for each isolate and more than one growth medium will have to be used.
外文关键词：Fusarium verticillioides；fumonisins；fumonisin analogue；liquid media；maize patties；silk inoculation
作者：Schoeman, A；Flett, BC；van Rensburg, BJ
作者单位：Agr Res Council
期刊名称：FOOD ADDITIVES AND CONTAMINANTS PART A-CHEMISTRY ANALYSIS CONTROL EXPOSURE & RISK ASSESSMENT
期刊影响因子：1.878
出版年份：2017
出版刊次：2
点击下载：评价三种常用生长培养基用于评估由九株串珠镰刀菌产生的伏马菌素类似物FB1、FB2和FB3