中文摘要：黄曲霉毒素急性暴露能引发人体死亡和疾病（黄曲霉毒素中毒）。肯尼亚记录的黄曲霉毒素中毒的致死率高达40%。饮食中硅酸钙100（ACCS100），一种钙蒙脱石粘土的包含物，可以减少黄曲霉毒素的生物利用度，从而降低黄曲霉毒素中毒的风险。本文研究ACCS100对经常性爆发黄曲霉毒素中毒的肯尼亚人群的功效、可接受性和适口性。研究发现ACCS100是有效、可接受和可口的。还需要进一步在易感人群中测试ACCS100并确定它在引发黄曲霉毒素中毒的暴露水平是否依然有效。
外文摘要：Acute aflatoxin exposure can cause death and disease (aflatoxicosis) in humans. Aflatoxicosis fatality rates have been documented to be as high as 40% in Kenya. The inclusion in the diet of calcium silicate 100 (ACCS100), a calcium montmorillonite clay, may reduce aflatoxin bioavailability, thus potentially decreasing the risk of aflatoxicosis. We investigated the efficacy, acceptability and palatability of ACCS100 in a population in Kenya with recurring aflatoxicosis outbreaks. Healthy adult participants were enrolled in this double-blinded, crossover clinical trial in 2014. Following informed consent, participants (n = 50) were randomised to receive either ACCS100 (3 g day–1) or placebo (3 g day–1) for 7 days. Treatments were switched following a 5-day washout period. Urine samples were collected daily and assessed for urinary aflatoxin M1 (AFM1). Blood samples were collected at the beginning and end of the trial and assessed for aflatoxin B1-lysine adducts from serum albumin (AFB1-lys). AFM1 concentrations in urine were significantly reduced while taking ACCS100 compared with calcium carbonate placebo (β = 0.49, 95% confidence limit = 0.32–0.75). The 20-day interval included both the placebo and ACCS100 treatments as well as a washout period. There were no statistically significant differences in reported taste, aftertaste, appearance, colour or texture by treatment. There were no statistically significant differences in self-reported adverse events by treatment. Most participants would be willing to take ACCS100 (98%) and give it to their children (98%). ACCS100 was effective, acceptable and palatable. More work is needed to test ACCS100 among vulnerable populations and to determine if it remains effective at the levels of aflatoxin exposure that induce aflatoxicosis.
外文关键词：Kenya；aflatoxin；aflatoxicosis；clay；ACCS100；uniform particle size Novasil (UPSN)；Novasil；calcium montmorillonite
作者：Awuor, AO；Yard, E；Daniel, JH；Martin, C；Bii, C；Romoser, A；Oyugi, E；Elmore, S；Amwayi, S；Vulule, J；Zitomer, NC；Rybak, ME；Phillips, TD；Montgomery, JM；Lewis, LS
作者单位：US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC
期刊名称：FOOD ADDITIVES AND CONTAMINANTS PART A-CHEMISTRY ANALYSIS CONTROL EXPOSURE & RISK ASSESSMENT
期刊影响因子：1.878
出版年份：2017
出版刊次：1
点击下载：交叉研究评估肯尼亚钙蒙脱石粘土用于降低黄曲霉毒素B1膳食暴露的的功效、可接受性和适口性