中文摘要：转基因作物的环境风险评估是一个评估转基因作物的生物技术性状是否会增加害虫潜力或对环境造成危害的过程。本文将两种转基因抗虫耐除草剂玉米杂交品种（MON-8934-3 x MON-8817-3和MON-8934-3 x MON-63-6）、转基因抗除草剂杂交品种（MON-63-6）与近等基因常规玉米品种进行了比较研究。作者于2009-2013年在墨西哥的五个生态区进行了实验研究，并用结果数据进行Meta分析。研究发现，三种转基因杂交玉米与常规玉米在早穗数、吐丝期、开花期、根倒伏、茎秆倒伏、早穗数等性状上没有差异；在幼苗活力、穗位高、株高、籽粒水分和籽粒产量等性状上有显著的统计学差异；但这些表型差异并不是由种植转基因杂交品种而导致的生物或生态变化。本文实验研究的结果与世界其他地区的研究结果一致，与常规玉米相比，转基因杂交玉米不会带来额外的风险；且除了IR杂交品种的粮食水分和产量外，四者检测到的农艺性状和表型特征无显著差异。由于MON-8934-3 x MON-8817-3和MON-8934-3 x MON-63-6可以抵抗靶标害虫，因此，它们可以作为墨西哥农民保护作物免遭虫害的替代品种。此外，三个转基因杂交品种的除草剂耐受性可以确保杂草管理更具成本效益。
外文摘要：Environmental risk assessment (ERA) of genetically modified (GM) crops is a process to evaluate whether the biotechnology trait(s) in a GM crop may result in increased pest potential or harm to the environment. In this analysis, two GM insect-resistant (IR) herbicide-tolerant maize hybrids (MON-8934-3 x MON-8817-3 and MON-8934-3 x MON-63-6) and one herbicide-tolerant GM hybrid (MON-63-6) were compared with conventional maize hybrids of similar genetic backgrounds. Two sets of studies, Experimental Phase and Pilot Phase, were conducted across five ecological regions (ecoregions) in Mexico during 2009-2013, and data were subject to meta-analysis. Results from the Experimental Phase studies, which were used for ERA, indicated that the three GM hybrids were not different from conventional maize for early stand count, days-to-silking, days-to-anthesis, root lodging, stalk lodging, or final stand count. Statistically significant differences were observed for seedling vigor, ear height, plant height, grain moisture, and grain yield, particularly in the IR hybrids; however, none of these phenotypic differences are expected to contribute to a biological or ecological change that would result in an increased pest potential or ecological risk when cultivating these GM hybrids. Overall, results from the Experimental Phase studies are consistent with those from other world regions, confirming that there are no additional risks compared to conventional maize. Results from Pilot Phase studies indicated that, compared to conventional maize hybrids, no differences were detected for the agronomic and phenotypic characteristics measured on the three GM maize hybrids, with the exception of grain moisture and grain yield in the IR hybrids. Since MON-8934-3 x MON-8817-3 and MON-8934-3 x MON-63-6 confer resistance to target insect pests, they are an alternative for farmers in Mexico to protect the crop from insect damage. Additionally, the herbicide tolerance conferred by all three GM hybrids enables more cost-effective weed management.
外文关键词：Environmental risk assessment; Center of origin of maize; GM maize; Meta-analysis; Ecoregions; Data transportability
作者：Diaz, Oscar Heredia; Aldaba Meza, Jose Luis; Baltazar, M.; 等
作者单位：Monsanto Co
期刊名称：TRANSGENIC RESEARCH
期刊影响因子：2.054
出版年份：2017
出版刊次：2
点击下载：转基因玉米杂交种MON-8934-3 x MON-8817-3、MON-8934-3 x MON-63-6、MON-63-6的植物特性：墨西哥玉米生产的替代品种