中文摘要：霉菌毒素污染粮食导致普通人群的膳食背景暴露。在职业环境中如磨粉原料加工过程中，可能会通过呼吸造成额外的霉菌毒素暴露。生物监测是一种综合评估人类各种来源和所有路线暴露的方法。为了调查可能存在霉菌毒素暴露的工作场所，初步比较了磨粉工人和仅通过膳食摄入霉菌毒素的对照人群的尿液的生物标志物水平。结果表明两类人群尿样中检测到的生物标志物水平反映了主要的膳食霉菌毒素暴露情况。磨粉工人额外的职业（呼吸）暴露，即便有，在所调查的工作场所也相当低。
外文摘要：Contamination of grains with mycotoxins results in a dietary background exposure of the general population. In occupational settings such as during processing of raw materials as in milling, an additional mycotoxin exposure by inhalation is possible. Biomonitoring is an integrative approach to assess human exposure from various sources and by all routes. To investigate possible workplace exposure to mycotoxins, a pilot study was conducted that compared levels of urinary biomarkers in mill workers to those in a control group with dietary mycotoxin intake alone. Workers (n = 17) from three grain mills in North Rhine Westphalia, Germany, provided spot urines during shift; volunteers (n = 13, IfADo staff) with matched age structure served as control group. The mycotoxins selected for biomarker analysis were citrinin (CIT) deoxynivalenol (DON), ochratoxin A (OTA), and zearalenone (ZEN). Immunoaffinity columns (CIT, DON, ZEN) or liquid-liquid extraction (OTA) was employed for urine sample cleanup prior to targeted analysis by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) or by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In addition, mycotoxin metabolites that may be formed in the organism were analyzed, including deepoxy-deoxynivalenol (DOM-1), ochratoxin alpha (OTα), dihydrocitrinone (DH-CIT), and α- and β-zearalenol (α- and β-ZEL), as well as phase II metabolites that were hydrolyzed with β-glucuronidase/arylsulfatase prior to sample cleanup. All analyte concentrations were adjusted for creatinine (crea) content in the spot urine samples. Citrinin, DON, OTA, and ZEN were detected in nearly all urine samples from mill workers and controls. Interestingly, DH-CIT was found at higher mean levels than the parent compound (~0.14 and 0.045 µg/g crea, respectively), suggesting an effective metabolism of CIT in humans. Other metabolites DOM-1, OTα, and α- and β-ZEL were detected less frequently in urine. Deoxynivalenol was detected at the highest concentrations (mean ~6 µg/g crea), followed by OTA (mean ~0.08 µg/g crea); ZEN (mean ~0.03 µg/g crea) and its metabolites appeared in urine at lower levels. Mycotoxin biomarker levels in urine from mill workers and controls were not significantly different. From these results it is concluded that biomarker levels measured in urine samples from the two cohorts reflect mainly dietary mycotoxin exposure. An additional occupational (inhalational) exposure of mill workers, if any, is apparently low at the investigated workplaces.
作者：Follmann, W；Ali, N；Blaszkewicz, M；Degen, GH
作者单位：TU Dortmund IfADo
期刊名称：JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES
期刊影响因子：2.243
出版年份：2016
出版刊次：22-23
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