中文摘要：虽然难以青贮，但苜蓿是反刍动物饲料中蛋白质的常见来源。高含量粗蛋白、高缓冲能力、低浓度可溶性碳水化合物、硝酸盐(V)的不良含量及附生乳酸菌的存在证明，青贮这种原料时应使用生物或化学添加剂。本研究旨在评估一种孕育剂和复合添加剂（微生物制剂和山梨酸钾）对苜蓿青贮的效果。研究发现包含了微生物制剂和山梨酸钾的复合添加剂比孕育剂对青贮苜蓿的效果更好。
外文摘要：Alfalfa is a popular source of proteins in diets for ruminants even though the plant is difficult to ensile. The high content of crude protein, high buffering capacity, low concentration of soluble carbohydrates, an undesirable content of nitrate(V) and the presence of epiphytic lactic acid bacteria justify the use of biological or chemical additives when ensiling this raw material. The study was performed to assess the effectiveness of an inoculant and a combined additive (micro­biological preparation and potassium sorbate) for alfalfa ensilaging. Wilted green forage was ensiled in 12 mini-silos and stored for 12 weeks. Three variants of silages were prepared: control with no additive and test variants with inoculant and combined additives. The following were determined in the collected samples: chemical composition (green forage and silages), counts of lactic acid bacteria, aerobic mesophilic bacteria, yeasts and moulds (green forage and silages), the level of toxins − aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, toxins T-2 and HT-2, nivalenol, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone (green forage and silages), the quality of silages (pH value, content of alcohol and volatile fatty acids, aerobic stability). The additives clearly have improved the fermentation profile but have not increased the oxygen stability of silages. The highest efficiency was deter­mined for the combined additive, which significantly decreased the pH value, increased the content of lactic acid and acetic acid, reduced the count of aerobic mesophilic bacteria and sli­ghtly decreased the count of moulds in relation to the control silage or silage with the inoculant. The only moulds detected silage with the combined additive belonged to Penicillium, but the silage with the inoculant contained Mucorales beside Penicillium. The effect of the combined additive containing a microbiological preparation and potassium sorbate on ensiling alfalfa was stronger than that produced by the inoculant.
外文关键词：aerobic stability；alfalfa；bacteria；moulds；mycotoxins；ensiling additives；yeasts
作者：Twaruzek, M；Dorszewski, P；Grabowicz, M；Szterk, P；Grajewski, J；Kaszkowiak, J
作者单位：Kazimierz Wielki Univ
期刊名称：JOURNAL OF ELEMENTOLOGY
期刊影响因子：0.719
出版年份：2016
出版刊次：4
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