中文摘要：转基因生物越来越多地用于饲料和食品的生产，这遭到了消费者的反对。本文主要研究分子生物学方法特别是实时PCR技术在转基因饲料的检测和鉴定研究中的应用。研究材料为2004-2015年提取于饲料生产和用于动物营养的饲料样品。本文用PCR技术和实时PCR技术来对转基因植物的DNA含量进行检测和鉴定。在这项研究中使用的级联方法包括转基因生物的筛选方法、转基因生物类型的识别方法、及转基因内容的定量分析方法。本文对1435个饲料样品进行了转基因检测。研究发现，有559个（39%）呈现阳性结果，且大多阳性样本中含有转基因大豆（531、37%）；含有转基因油菜的阳性样本数量增多（56，4%），含有转基因玉米的阳性样品很少（38，2.6%）。含有转基因大豆的绝大多数样本含有超过0.9%的转基因生物含量，而含有超过0.9%转基因含量的转基因玉米和油菜的样本数分别为12和8。波兰饲料市场的分析表明，大豆是最常见的转基因作物。研究结果表明，转基因饲料在波兰饲料市场的比例与其他欧盟国家非常相似。在波兰市场的饲料中转基因生物的来源是饲料原料作为饲料蛋白进口到波兰。
外文摘要：Genetically modified organisms are increasingly used in the production of feed and food, which has met with opposition from consumers. The aim of the study was the use of molecular biology methods with particular emphasis on techniques of real-time PCR in the research in the detection and identification of genetically modified feed. The research materials were samples of feed taken from feed produced and used in animal nutrition in Poland in the years 20042015. The applied research methods included PCR and real-time PCR techniques, and consisted in the detection and determination of the DNA content of genetically modified plants. Cascade methods used in this study included the screening method of detection of GMOs, the method of identifying the type of GMO, and methods of quantitative analysis of GMO content. As part of the research task in the years 20042015 a total of 1435 samples of feed towards GMOs were examined. A positive result was found in 559 cases (39%). Most frequently the positive samples were found the presence of genetically modified soybeans (531, 37%). Moreover, within the years 20142015 an increase in the number of positive GM rape samples was observed (56, 4%). GM maize contained the least positive samples (38, 2.6%). GMO content above the legislative threshold 0.9% was found in the vast majority of samples containing GM soy, while for maize and rapeseed the number of samples containing more than 0.9% GMO was respectively 12 and 8. Analysis of the feed market in Poland indicates that the soybean plant is the most common genetically modified crop. Analysis of the origin of sources of GM rapeseed showed that the reasons for this should be sought in batches of rapeseed imported from third countries. It has been observed with regard to the situation of GM maize for the feed market in Poland that from 2013 the situation changed radically as a result of the Decree of the Ministry of Agriculture issued prohibiting the cultivation of MON810 maize on Polish fields. The result of our study showed that the proportion of genetically modified feed on the feed market in Poland is very similar to other EU countries. The source of GMOs in feed on the Polish market is feed materials imported into Poland as a source of feed protein.
外文关键词：genetically modified organisms; molecular biology; GM feed
作者：Sieradzki, Zbigniew; Mazur, Malgorzata; Krol, Beata; 等
作者单位：Panstwowy Inst Badawczy
期刊名称：MEDYCYNA WETERYNARYJNA-VETERINARY MEDICINE-SCIENCE AND PRACTICE
期刊影响因子：0.161
出版年份：2017
出版刊次：5