中文摘要：B型单端孢霉烯，对消费者健康造成严重危害，存在于全球谷物中。这些霉菌毒素主要产自三种不同的单端孢霉烯基因型/化学型：3ADON（3-乙酰脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇）、15ADON（15-乙酰脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇）及NIV（雪腐镰刀菌醇），以这三种主要霉菌毒素命名。正确鉴定这些基因型是相关的种群调查、真菌生态学及真菌毒理学研究的基础。产单端孢霉烯菌有着巨大的应变依赖性化学多样性，它可能导致由基因型决定的毒素含量的变化，并产生数量由低至高的非典型化合物。新的高通量DNA测序技术能促进霉菌毒素基因型的诊断。但是，这需要一个包含令人满意的分类取样序列，表现出与实际产生的类型具有较高相关性的参考数据库。我们认为，这种数据库最迫切的挑战之一是将分子鉴定与菌株的化学多样性以及其他元数据联系起来。本研究采用参与霉菌毒素生物合成的Tri12基因，通过序列比较鉴定Tri的基因型。本研究弥补了综合研究单端孢产生菌的需求与现有的核苷酸序列数据库（尚缺乏毒理学等辅助数据）之间的鸿沟。诚邀真菌分类学、流行病学和真菌毒理学方面的学者加入免费的注释工作。
外文摘要：Type B trichothecenes, which pose a serious hazard to consumer health, occur worldwide in grains. These mycotoxins are produced mainly by three different trichothecene genotypes/chemotypes: 3ADON (3-acetyldeoxynivalenol), 15ADON (15-acetyldeoxynivalenol) and NIV (nivalenol), named after these three major mycotoxin compounds. Correct identification of these genotypes is elementary for all studies relating to population surveys, fungal ecology and mycotoxicology. Trichothecene producers exhibit enormous strain-dependent chemical diversity, which may result in variation in levels of the genotype's determining toxin and in the production of low to high amounts of atypical compounds. New high-throughput DNA-sequencing technologies promise to boost the diagnostics of mycotoxin genotypes. However, this requires a reference database containing a satisfactory taxonomic sampling of sequences showing high correlation to actually produced chemotypes. We believe that one of the most pressing current challenges of such a database is the linking of molecular identification with chemical diversity of the strains, as well as other metadata. In this study, we use the Tri12 gene involved in mycotoxin biosynthesis for identification of Tri genotypes through sequence comparison. Tri12 sequences from a range of geographically diverse fungal strains comprising 22 Fusarium species were stored in the ToxGen database, which covers descriptive and up-to-date annotations such as indication on Tri genotype and chemotype of the strains, chemical diversity, information on trichothecene-inducing host, substrate or media, geographical locality, and most recent taxonomic affiliations. The present initiative bridges the gap between the demands of comprehensive studies on trichothecene producers and the existing nucleotide sequence databases, which lack toxicological and other auxiliary data. We invite researchers working in the fields of fungal taxonomy, epidemiology and mycotoxicology to join the freely available annotation effort.
外文关键词：Trichothecene genotypes；Fusarium；Chemotypes；Molecular identification；Annotation
作者：Kulik, T；Abarenkov, K；Busko, M；Bilska, K；van Diepeningen, AD；Ostrowska-Kolodziejczak, A；Krawczyk, K；Brankovics, B；Stenglein, S；Sawicki, J；Perkowski, J
作者单位：Univ Warmia & Mazury
期刊名称：PEERJ
期刊影响因子：2.183
出版年份：2017
出版刊次：2
点击下载：ToxGen:改良的参考数据库用于鉴定镰刀菌B型单端孢霉烯基因型