中文摘要：转基因作物的广泛种植会促使苏云金芽孢杆菌（BT）产生杀虫蛋白，这可防治一些主要害虫、减少杀虫剂的施用、增强天敌对害虫的控制并增加种植者的利润。但是，这些益处会随着害虫的抗性进化而减弱。本文主要通过转BT基因植物与非转基因植物的杂交来获得杂交品种第一代（F1）并播种第二代（F2）的种子来研究其对害虫的抗性。作者假设杂交品种中非转基因植物能促进易感昆虫的生存，从而延缓抗性的进化。为了验证这一假设，本文分别在中国六个省份的17个地方进行了为期11天的研究，主要通过计算机模拟和监测棉铃虫对转基因棉花产生的BT毒素Cry1Ac的抗性。研究发现，在杂交战略未被部署时，该地区棉铃虫的抗性增强；提高非转基因棉花种植的比例后，该地区棉铃虫的抗性降低。尽管非转基因棉花的比例有所增加，但对红铃虫的抑制仍在持续。与其他需要监管干预的抗药性管理策略不同，种植者会自愿采用这一策略因为其有降低种子和杀虫剂成本的好处。
外文摘要：Extensive cultivation of crops genetically engineered to produce insecticidal proteins from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) has suppressed some major pests, reduced insecticide sprays, enhanced pest control by natural enemies, and increased grower profits. However, these benefits are being eroded by evolution of resistance in pests. We report a strategy for combating resistance by crossing transgenic Bt plants with conventional non-Bt plants and then crossing the resulting first-generation (F-1) hybrid progeny and sowing the second-generation (F-2) seeds. This strategy yields a random mixture within fields of three-quarters of plants that produce Bt toxin and one-quarter that does not. We hypothesized that the non-Bt plants in this mixture promote survival of susceptible insects, thereby delaying evolution of resistance. To test this hypothesis, we compared predictions from computer modeling with data monitoring pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella) resistance to Bt toxin Cry1Ac produced by transgenic cotton in an 11-y study at 17 field sites in six provinces of China. The frequency of resistant individuals in the field increased before this strategy was widely deployed and then declined after its widespread adoption boosted the percentage of non-Bt cotton plants in the region. The correspondence between the predicted and observed outcomes implies that this strategy countered evolution of resistance. Despite the increased percentage of non-Bt cotton, suppression of pink bollworm was sustained. Unlike other resistance management tactics that require regulatory intervention, growers adopted this strategy voluntarily, apparently because of advantages that may include better performance as well as lower costs for seeds and insecticides.
外文关键词：sustainability; evolution; resistance management; genetically modified; refuge
作者：Wan, Peng; Xu, Dong; Cong, Shengbo; 等
作者单位：Chinese Acad Agr Sci
期刊名称：PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
期刊影响因子：9.661
出版年份：2017
出版刊次：5
点击下载：转BT基因与非转基因棉花的杂交品种对棉红铃虫的抗性研究