中文摘要：对杀菌剂有抗性和耐受性的植物病原真菌的传播是影响作物保护的重要因素。然而，真菌对杀菌剂应用的反应机制尚未完全表征。特别是，先前已知的抗性因子的贡献和杀菌剂处理对存活的菌丝体的代谢的最终影响（例如真菌毒素释放的增加和潜在地导致作物污染的生物合成）值得研究，以改进未来对杀菌剂抗性菌株的分子诊断。研究结果表明，真菌毒素污染的增强不仅受抗真菌化合物的量或类型的强烈影响，而且还受到杀菌剂处理时间（感染时期）的影响。
外文摘要：The spread of fungicide resistant and/or tolerant phytopathogenic fungi is an important factor affecting crop protection. However, the mechanisms of fungal response to fungicide application are not entirely characterised. In particular, the contribution of previously known resistance factors and the final influence of fungicide treatments on metabolism of surviving mycelia (e.g. mycotoxin increased release and biosynthesis potentially causing contamination of the crops) merit investigation, in order to improve future molecular diagnostics of fungicide resistant strains. The performed experiments have shown distinct expression changes for homologs of a known fungicide resistance factor Flr1 (yeast; DHA1 family of major facilitator superfamily transporters) after azole application in cultured fusaria. Two distantly related homologs of that gene were selected, based on the unsupervised clustering and phylogenetic analysis of transporter sequences. One of these (FGSG_02865), was found to occur across the Fusarium sambucinum complex (F. graminearum, F. culmorum, F. cerealis) and was upregulated starting 24 h after fungicide treatments. This delayed response may point to possible involvement of DHA1 antiporters in a generalised response to stress resulting from fungicide treatment. Additional expression profiling was conducted for the mycotoxin biosynthetic genes (trichothecene and zearalenone gene clusters) in strains of Fusarium sambucinum complex cereal pathogens. The expression changes, when subjected to treatment with the fungicides (flusilazole, carbendazim), show that even an effective treatment (in this study, the benzimidazole fungicide carbendazim) applied to the grown mycelium, can result in enhanced activation of mycotoxin biosynthetic genes in fungal cells which survive the treatment. Our results suggest that increased mycotoxin contamination can be strongly influenced not only by the amount or the type of antifungal compound, but also the timing of fungicide exposition (stage of infection).
外文关键词：Mycotoxins；Efflux pumps；Fungicide resistance；Mycotoxins； Fusarium
作者： Popiel, D； Dawidziuk, A； Koczyk, G； Mackowiak, A； Marcinkowska, K
作者单位：Polish Acad Sci
期刊名称：EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY
期刊影响因子：1.494
出版年份：2017
出版刊次：4
点击下载：杀菌剂的多方面应答——唑处理对关键真菌毒素生物合成基因的表达和候选抗性因子在镰刀菌抗性菌株的控制中的影响