中文摘要：赤霉病是小麦的一种主要病害，也是在作物需要经常灌溉的南非小麦栽培减少的重要原因。本研究从南非七个灌溉小麦种植区的860个赤霉病感染小麦穗采集了镰刀菌菌株。研究发现（广义的）禾谷镰刀菌是南非灌溉小麦赤霉病的主要致病因子，而在雨养条件下种植小麦的情况可能并非如此。灌溉小麦与其他禾本科作物和玉米轮作会加重真菌感染及发病。灌溉区小麦赤霉病的确立意味着需要抗病系与农艺措施来限制疾病的严重程度、产量损失和霉菌毒素污染。
外文摘要：Fusarium Head Blight is a major disease of wheat and an important contributor to the reduced cultivation of wheat in South Africa, where the crop often is grown under irrigation. We collected Fusarium isolates from 860 Fusarium Head Blight-infected wheat heads in seven irrigated wheat-growing areas of South Africa. Six Fusarium species, i.e., F. chlamydosporum, F. crookwellense, F. culmorum, F. equiseti, F. graminearum and F. semitectum were recovered, three of which, i.e., F. chlamydosporum, F. equiseti and F. semitectum, were not previously associated with Fusarium Head Blight in South Africa. Fusarium graminearum occurred at high frequencies at all seven locations. Based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays of diagnostic sequences, more isolates were predicted to produce deoxynivalenol than nivalenol. Fusarium graminearum (sensu lato) appears to be the primary causal agent of Fusarium Head Blight in irrigated wheat in South Africa, which may not be the case for wheat cultivated under rain-fed conditions. Rotations of irrigated wheat with other graminaceous crops and maize could increase fungal inoculum and disease pressure. The establishment of Fusarium Head Blight in the irrigated wheat region of the country means that resistant lines and alternative agronomic practices are needed to limit disease severity, yield losses and mycotoxin contamination.
外文关键词：Deoxynivalenol (DON)；Fusarium graminearum；Mycotoxins；Nivalenol；Wheat scab
作者：Minnaar-Ontong, A；Herselman, L；Kriel, WM；Leslie, JF
作者单位：Univ Free State
期刊名称：EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLANT PATHOLOGY
期刊影响因子：1.495
出版年份：2017
出版刊次：2
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