中文摘要：脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）是全球小粒谷类作物中最常见的真菌毒素，它的出现与小麦赤霉病（FHB）的发生密切相关。为了将卫生风险降到最低，通常通过设计小麦种植系统控制DON污染，因其代表了主要的目标污染物。然而，在小麦中还发现了其他镰刀菌和由其他真菌产生的霉菌毒素和次生代谢物。本研究旨在评估对DON污染具有不同易感性的农艺方案的应用是否也会影响小麦籽粒中新兴霉菌毒素的发生。研究发现，除DON外，在所有生长季节和农艺方案中，检测到黄色镰刀菌素和脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇-3-葡萄糖苷的含量最高，还发现了其他单端孢霉烯和玉米赤霉烯酮衍生物，但浓度明显较低。在所有对照的生长季节中，已经观察到由其他镰刀菌如燕麦镰刀菌产生的恩镰孢菌素和串珠镰刀菌素及由链格孢菌产生的链格孢酚，链格孢酚甲醚和腾毒素。其他霉菌毒素和次生代谢物的存在明显受气候条件的影响：温暖的生长季节检测到伏马毒素、白僵菌素、比卡菌素、镰刀菌酸和丁烯酸内酯，而在阴雨季节中更多的是氯霉素、infectopyrone、黑麦酮酸和麦角生物碱（总共13种毒素）。仅发现了微量的伊快霉素、decalonectrin、T2和HT2毒素。
外文摘要：Deoxynivalenol (DON) is the most prevalent mycotoxin in small cereal crops throughout the world, and its occurrence is closely linked to the presence of Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) disease. In order to minimize the sanitary risk, wheat cropping systems are commonly designed to control DON contamination, as this represents the main target contaminant. However, several other mycotoxins and secondary metabolites produced by Fusarium and other fungal species have been detected in wheat. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether the application of agronomic programmes with different susceptibility to DON contamination could also affect the occurrence of emerging mycotoxins in wheat kernels.Field experiments have been conducted in North Italy, under naturally-infected conditions, over a period of 3 growing seasons, by comparing 4 field programmes, which were constituted by the combination of wheat cultivars (a durum wheat variety that is susceptible to DON contamination and a common moderately resistant one) and 2 fungicide applications at heading (untreated control compared to an azole application at heading).Grain samples have been analyzed by means of a dilute-and-shoot multi-mycotoxin LC-MS/MS method, and 43 fungal metabolites were detected. In addition to DON, the most abundant compounds were aurofusarin, culmorin and deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside, which were detected in all the growing seasons and agronomic strategies. Other trichothecenes and zearalenone derivatives were also found, but in clearly lower concentrations.Contamination by enniatins and moniliformin, produced by other Fusarium species e.g. Fusarium avenaceum, alternariol, alternariol methyl ether and tentoxin, produced by Alternaria species, has been observed for all the compared growing seasons. The presence of other mycotoxins and secondary metabolites was clearly affected by the climatic conditions: fumonisins, beauvericin, bikaverin, fusaric acid and butenolid were detected in the warmer growing seasons, while chrysogine, infectopyrone, secalonic acid and ergot alkaloids (sum of 13 toxins) were only found in the more rainy and cool seasons. Equisetin, decalonectrin, toxin T-2 and HT-2 were only found in traces.
 
外文关键词：Common wheat；Durum wheat；Fungicide；Fusarium Head Blight； Emerging mycotoxins
作者：Blandino, M；Scarpino,V；Sulyok,M；Krska,R；Reyneri,A
作者单位：University of Turin
期刊名称： EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF AGRONOMY
期刊影响因子：3.186
出版年份：2017
出版刊次：85
点击下载：脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇风险敏感性不同的农艺方案对冬小麦新型污染物的影响