中文摘要：伏马菌素被认为是有关人类食道癌及家畜疾病的重要真菌毒素之一。在全球热带、亚热带地区如菲律宾和埃及以及温湿地区，这些霉菌毒素主要由串珠镰刀菌产生。伏马菌素产生菌的经典分类颇具有挑战性，通常用种特异性PCR反应清楚地鉴定复合菌的种类。本研究旨在分离、鉴定并量化埃及与菲律宾玉米、小麦及土壤中的产毒菌的种类，并测试Eppendorf琼脂作为长期保存的方法。研究表明可以用基于qPCR的PCR技术鉴定产毒菌并量化真菌毒素污染粮食的风险。
外文摘要：Fumonisins are considered among the important mycotoxins associated with human esophageal cancer and livestock diseases. These mycotoxins are mainly produced by Fusarium verticillioides in tropical and subtropical regions such as the Philippines and Egypt and humid temperate regions of the world. The classical taxonomy of fumonisin-producing fungi is challenging, and species-specific PCR reactions are commonly used to clearly identify species within these complexes. The aim of this study was to isolate, identify and quantify fumonisin-producing species in maize, wheat and soil samples from Egypt and the Philippines, and to test Eppendorf-Agar as a long term preservation method. We isolated 44 single spore isolates (39 from Egypt and five from the Philippines) from the collected samples (25 isolates from maize, five from wheat and 14 from soil). In addition, we quantified the content of fumonisin-producing fungi DNA from 15 maize samples and six wheat samples from Egypt, and from six maize samples from the Philippines. morphological and microscopic identification indicated that 21 isolates from Egypt and five from the Philippines were F. verticillioides, one isolate was F. proliferatum and two isolates were F. nygamai. Molecular identification indicated that all these isolates belonged to F. verticillioides. Most were from maize, four were from soil and only one was from wheat. Other Fusarium species isolated included F. oxysporum and F. solani. No F. graminearum isolates were found. The quantitative PCR (qPCR) results obtained using the Taqfum-2f, Vpgen-3R primer pair and the FUMp probe for quantification of fumonisin-producing Fusarium species showed that fumonisin-producing Fusarium isolates were present in four maize samples from the Philippines and eight maize samples from Egypt. The Fusarium DNA levels from fumonisin-producing isolates were in the range of 13 × 10-3 to 61 × 10-1 ng ng-1 total DNA in positive samples, except in one maize sample from the Philippines with high concentration of >0.5 ng ng-1 total DNA. This indicates that >50 % of all DNA was Fusarium DNA. No fumonisin-producing Fusarium DNA was detected in the wheat samples and in the remaining maize samples. These results showed that PCR-techniques based on qPCR can be used to identify fumonisin-producing Fusarium species and quantify risks of mycotoxin contaminated grains.
外文关键词：preservation；maize；wheat；mycotoxins；qPCR
作者：Hussien, T；Carlobos-Lopez, AL；Cumagun, CJR；Yli-Mattila, T
作者单位：Univ Turku
期刊名称：PHYTOPATHOLOGIA MEDITERRANEA
期刊影响因子：1.042
出版年份：2017
出版刊次：1
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