中文摘要：赤霉病是由镰刀菌真菌引起的谷物毁灭性病害，这种病害具有重大的经济意义，特别是镰刀菌会产生一系列霉菌毒素污染粮食，导致质量下降。因为与FHB相关的镰刀菌种类很多，因此很难预测和控制该病。不同的种类可能对控制方法的反应不同，并且具有竞争和协同作用。因此，了解农业实践如何在群落层面影响镰刀菌很重要。有报道称有机生产比常规生产的粮食中镰刀菌毒素污染的水平更低，但这些差异的原因还不太清楚。本研究旨在探讨不同耕作系统下农业因素对镰刀菌丰度和群落组成的影响。结果发现在有机系统和常规系统之间镰刀菌群落不存在任何差异。但以农药使用量和施氮量衡量的农业强度对镰刀菌群落有影响，特别是增加了F.tricinctwn的丰度。在瑞典西部地区，镰刀菌群落的地理分布差异较大，那里的禾谷镰刀菌更为丰富。扩增子测序的应用提供了谷物中镰刀菌群落的综合视图。这为我们提供了更好的了解镰刀菌属生态学的机会，对于限制谷类中的FHB和霉菌毒素的污染很重要。
外文摘要：Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a devastating disease of cereals caused by Fusarium fungi. The disease is of great economic importance especially owing to reduced grain quality due to contamination by a range of mycotoxins produced by Fusarium. Disease control and prediction is difficult because of the many Fusarium species associated with FHB. Different species may respond differently to control methods and can have both competitive and synergistic interactions. Therefore, it is important to understand how agricultural practices affect Fusarium at the community level. Lower levels of Fusariwn mycotoxin contamination of organically produced cereals compared with conventionally produced have been reported, but the causes of these differences are not well understood.The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of agricultural factors on Fusarium abundance and community composition in different cropping systems. Winter wheat kernels were collected from 18 organically and conventionally cultivated fields in Sweden, paired based on their geographical distance and the wheat cultivar grown. We characterised the Fusarium community in harvested wheat kernels using 454 sequencing of translation elongation factor 1-alpha amplicons. In addition, we quantified Fusariwn spp. using real-time PCR to reveal differences in biomass between fields.We identified 12 Fusariwn operational taxonomic units (OTUs) with a median of 4.5 OTUs per field. Fusarium graminearum was the most abundant species, while F. avenaceum had the highest occurrence. The abundance of Fusariwn spp. ranged two orders of magnitude between fields. Two pairs of Fusariurt species co-occurred between fields: F. poae with F. tricinctwn and F. culmorwn with F. sporofrichoides. We could not detect any difference in Fusariwn communities between the organic and conventional systems. However, agricultural intensity, measured as the number of pesticide applications and the amount of nitrogen fertiliser applied, had an impact on Fusariwn communities, specifically increasing the abundance of F. tricinctwn. There were geographical differences in the Fusarium community composition where F. graminearwn was more abundant in the western part of Sweden. The application of amplicon sequencing provided a comprehensive view of the Fusarium community in cereals. This gives us better opportunities to understand the ecology of Fusarium spp., which is important in order to limit FHB and mycotoxin contamination in cereals.
外文关键词：Triticum aestivum；Grain；Gibberella；High-throughput sequencing；Pathogen ecology
作者：Karlsson, I；Friberg, H；Kolseth, AK；Steinberg, C；Persson, P
作者单位：Swedish Univ Agr Sci
期刊名称：INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY
期刊影响因子：3.445
出版年份：2017
出版刊次：53
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