中文摘要：开心果(Pistacia vera)是一种重要的坚果，具有经济、营养及健康方面的价值，但它在田间及贮藏期间会受到产黄曲霉毒素真菌的污染。可以考虑用生物控制替代化学处理。本研究评估了两种芽孢杆菌在体外及开心果果仁中抗真菌及抗产霉菌毒素的能力。结果表明可以考虑用杆菌作潜在的生物防治剂，在生产实践中降低坚果和农作物产毒真菌的生长及随后的黄曲霉毒素污染。
外文摘要：Pistachio (Pistacia vera) is an important nut for its economic, nutritional and health aspects but it can be contaminated by aflatoxigenic fungi in the field and during storage. Biological control could be considered as an alternative to chemical treatment. In this study, we evaluated the antifungal and anti-mycotoxigenic capability of two Bacillus spp. both in vitro and on pistachio kernels. In in vitro conditions, both strains were able to reduce the mycelial growth and they were able to degrade the four aflatoxins during the first three days after inoculation. AFG1 and AFG2 were rapidly degraded within two days of incubation with the bacterial strains. No aflatoxin was found in the bacterial cell walls, permitting exclusion of mycotoxin adsorption and hypothesis of an in vitro biodegradation as a mode of action. The cultivar of pistachio most susceptible to fungal colonization was 'Ahmad-Aghaei', selected among four main Iranian cultivars. A. parasiticus was able to grow and produce aflatoxins on pistachios, but at longer inoculation periods, a natural decrease of aflatoxins was registered. Both strains were able to reduce the fungal incidence and number of spores on pistachio with a stronger effect during the first 5dpi. The effect on aflatoxin content in vivo was less pronounced than in vitro, with a maximum effect at 8dpi. At longer times, there was a contrasting effect due to the lower activity of Bacillus spp. in stationary phase and higher growth of Aspergillus species. This consideration could explain the lack of aflatoxin reduction at 12dpi. Both bacterial strains showed good antifungal activity and aflatoxin reduction in in vitro conditions and on pistachio kernels. Altogether, these results indicate that Bacillus species could be considered as potential biocontrol agents to combat toxigenic fungal growth and subsequent aflatoxin contamination of nuts and agricultural crops in practice.
外文关键词：Aflatoxins；Biological control；Bacillus species；Mycotoxins；Pistacia vera；Post-harvest management
作者：Siahmoshteh, F；Siciliano, I；Banani, H；Hamidi-Esfahani, Z； Razzaghi-Abyaneh, M；Gullino, ML；Spadaro, D
作者单位：Tarbiat Modares Univ
期刊名称：INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY
期刊影响因子：3.445
出版年份：2017
出版刊次：8
点击下载：枯草芽孢杆菌和解淀粉芽孢杆菌对控制开心果中寄生曲霉生长及产生黄曲霉毒素的作用