中文摘要：水稻中的霉菌毒素污染通常低于玉米或小麦等其他谷物。然而，中国65％以上的人口以米饭为主食。由于中国气候的多样性，南部地区气候的特点是高温潮湿，特别是在雨季，有利于真菌生长。霉菌毒素的累积性和可转移性构成了巨大的潜在威胁，正如长江三角洲地区的肝癌高发率所证实的。我国发现的霉菌毒素主要是黄曲霉毒素和赭曲霉毒素A，以及伏马菌素。不同省份和地区的水稻，黄曲霉毒素B1（AFB1）含量不同，一般小于5μg/ kg。虽然广泛检测到黄曲霉毒素阳性样品的高发率，但只有少数超过了国家规定的最大残留限量（10μg/ kg）。可用于评估水稻中霉菌毒素危害人类健康的风险的资料有限，尽管来自水稻的风险水平一般较低，但由于儿童具有最高的霉菌毒素暴露水平，因此他们应该受到更多的关注。霉菌毒素主要分布在水稻外层（也称稻谷，指带壳米），糠中的AFB1含量比糙米（去壳米）高8.4倍。进一步调查应着重于分离和鉴定产霉菌毒素的霉菌菌株，特别是测定未知的产霉菌毒素菌株。抗产毒霉菌感染的水稻育种可能是保证我国稻米安全的基本途径。
外文摘要：Mycotoxin contamination in rice is generally lower than in other cereals such as corn or wheat. However, over 65% of the population in China consumes rice as a staple food. Due to the diversity of the climate across China, the southern region is characterized by high temperatures and humidities, especially in rainy season. Such conditions are optimal for the growth of fungi. The accumulative and transferrable characteristics of fungi mycotoxins pose a great potential threat as confirmed by high incidences of liver cancer in the Yangtze delta region. Major mycotoxins identified in China are aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, as well as fumonisins. The contents of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1 ) in rice are varied among different provinces and regions and generally less than 5 μg/kg. Although high incidences of positive aflatoxins samples have widely been detected, few samples were detected as exceeding the national's maximum residue limit (10 μg/kg). Limited information is available on risk assessment of human health hazards of mycotoxins in rice, children should be paid more attention to due to their having the highest mycotoxins exposure level, although the risks are generally at low levels from rice. Mycotoxins are mainly distributed in the outer layer of the paddy rice (also called rough rice, referring to whole rice grain with the hulls), and the AFB1 content in bran is 8.4 times greater than that in brown rice (hulled rice). Further investigation should focus on isolation and identification of mycotoxins-producing fungal strains, especially unknown mycotoxigenic fungal strains determination. Infection resistant rice breeding of mycotoxigenic fungal species may be a fundamental approach to guaranteeing rice safety in China.
外文关键词：China；contamination；mycotoxins；rice
作者：Sun, XD；Su, P；Shan, H
作者单位：Heilongjiang Acad Agr Sci
期刊名称：JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE
期刊影响因子：1.649
出版年份：2017
出版刊次：3
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