中文摘要：玉米是很多非洲国家包括肯尼亚的一种主食，经常被有毒且致癌的真菌次生代谢物比如黄曲霉毒素和伏马菌素污染。本研究评估了一种低成本的光谱分选仪在从大量成熟玉米粒中识别并去除被黄曲霉毒素和伏马菌素污染的玉米粒的潜在应用。研究表明，进一步改进后，该技术可用在当地的锤式粉碎机上，分选玉米以减少肯尼亚和世界其他地方的人暴露于黄曲霉毒素，同时减少食物损失，改善食品安全和营养状况。
外文摘要：Maize, a staple food in many African countries including Kenya, is often contaminated by toxic and carcinogenic fungal secondary metabolites such as aflatoxins and fumonisins. This study evaluated the potential use of a low-cost, multi-spectral sorter in identification and removal of aflatoxin- and fumonisin-contaminated single kernels from a bulk of mature maize kernels. The machine was calibrated by building a mathematical model relating reflectance at nine distinct wavelengths (470-1550 nm) to mycotoxin levels of single kernels collected from small-scale maize traders in open-air markets and from inoculated maize field trials in Eastern Kenya. Due to the expected skewed distribution of mycotoxin contamination, visual assessment of putative risk factors such as discoloration, moldiness, breakage, and fluorescence under ultra-violet light (365 nm), was used to enrich for mycotoxin-positive kernels used for calibration. Discriminant analysis calibration using both infrared and visible spectra achieved 77% sensitivity and 83% specificity to identify kernels with aflatoxin >10 ng g(-1) and fumonisin >1000 ng g(-1), respectively (measured by ELISA or UHPLC). In subsequent sorting of 46 market maize samples previously tested for mycotoxins, 0-25% of sample mass was rejected from samples that previously tested toxin-positive and 0-1% was rejected for previously toxin-negative samples. In most cases where mycotoxins were detected in sorted maize streams, accepted maize had lower mycotoxin levels than the rejected maize (21/25 accepted maize streams had lower aflatoxin than rejected streams, 25/27 accepted maize streams had lower fumonisin than rejected streams). Reduction was statistically significant (p < 0.001), achieving an 83% mean reduction in each toxin. With further development, this technology could be used to sort maize at local hammer mills to reduce human mycotoxin exposure in Kenya, and elsewhere in the world, while at once reducing food loss, and improving food safety and nutritional status.
外文关键词：Aflatoxin；Fumonisin；Maize；Spectral sorting；Food safety
作者：Stasiewicz, Matthew J； Falade, Titilayo D. O； Mutuma, Murithi等
作者单位：University of Illinois
期刊名称：FOOD CONTROL
期刊影响因子：3.496
出版年份：2017
出版刊次：-
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