中文摘要：串珠镰刀菌和玉米茎蛀褐夜蛾是南非玉米生产最重要的生物限制因素。本研究调查了玉米穂受玉米茎蛀褐夜蛾损伤和机械损伤后对玉米镰刀穗腐病发展和伏马菌素产生的影响。研究表明玉米茎蛀褐夜蛾的存在与镰刀菌穗腐病或伏马菌素产生的相关性不高，这可能是由于其特征性取食性质导致玉米穗上的零星伤口，以及玉米穂受天气变化的强烈影响所致。镰刀菌穗腐病发展和伏马菌素产生的季节性变化表明环境条件对镰刀菌穗腐病和伏马菌素产生的重要性。因此，无论是通过阻止机械损伤还是昆虫侵害来预防对谷粒的严重伤害，都是降低玉米中玉米镰刀穗腐病和伏马菌素产生的重要手段。
外文摘要：Fusarium verticillioides and Busseola fusca are among the most significant biotic constraints to maize production in South Africa. In this study, the effect of B.fusca damage and mechanical wounding to maize ears on Fusarium ear rot development and fumonisin production was investigated. The effect of the interaction on Fusarium ear rot and B. fusca damage was studied by inoculating maize ears with F verticillioides isolate MRC826 and infesting plant whorls with aliquots of 10-15 neonate larvae at the 12th leaf stage prior to tasselling. To simulate hail damage, maize ears were mechanically wounded at the blister stage with cork borers of different sizes and number of wounds, with and without F verticillioides inoculation. Uninoculated, uninfested and undamaged control treatments were included. Field trials were conducted over three seasons using a randomised complete block design with six replicates per treatment. In all seasons, most Fusarium ear rot developed on ears inoculated with F verticillioides. This study indicated that B. fusca infestation was not associated with higher Fusarium ear rot incidence in two of the three seasons. Moreover, B. fusca infestation was not associated with high fumonisin production in any season. This indicates that the presence of B. fusca was not highly associated with Fusarium ear rot or fumonisin production, possibly due to its characteristic feeding nature that causes sporadic wounds on maize ears, but also the strong impact of weather variability. Fusarium ear rot development and fumonisin production by F verticillioides inoculum varied seasonally indicating the importance of environmental conditions on Fusarium ear rot and fumonisin production. Fusarium ear rot and fumonisin production significantly increased with the severity of cork borer wounding in both naturally infected and artificially inoculated maize ears. Therefore, the prevention of severe injuries to kernels, whether by mechanical damage or insects, should be considered as important in reducing Fusarium ear rot and fumonisin production in maize.
外文关键词：Busseola fusca； Maize ear damage； Fumonisins； Fusarium ear rot； Fusarium verticillioides； Maize
作者：Ncube, E； Flett, BC； Van den Berg, J； Erasmus, A； Viljoen, A
作者单位：Agr Res Council
期刊名称：CROP PROTECTION
期刊影响因子：1.652
出版年份：2017
出版刊次：99
点击下载：玉米茎蛀褐夜蛾侵染、真菌接种和机械损伤对玉米镰刀菌穗腐病发展和伏马菌素产生的影响