中文摘要：在赞比亚，花生制品（碾碎的花生粉、花生仁）多半在不规范的市场进行销售。加之这些市场缺乏质量监督执法，使得消费者可能面临黄曲霉毒素暴露风险。然而，这些制品中黄曲霉毒素的污染水平未知。相比于花生仁，花生碾碎成粉会掩盖花生中黄曲霉毒素污染的可视化标志如：霉臭、变色、虫蛀或残损。为此本研究在2012-2014从重要的花生种植区及城市地区购买了花生制品（n=202），评估并比较其中的黄曲霉毒素水平。研究发现即使是同一个供应商的产品，碾碎的花生粉中AFB1的含量也并非始终高于完整的花生仁，表明供应商并没有系统地挑选外观质量差的花生磨粉。然而，所有年份和地点的花生制品中AFB1的污染水平都高得惊人，因而迫切需要减少这类不规范市场销售的花生制品中黄曲霉毒素水平的措施。
外文摘要：In Zambia, groundnut products (milled groundnut powder, groundnut kernels) are mostly sold in under-regulated markets. Coupled with the lack of quality enforcement in such markets, consumers may be at risk to aflatoxin exposure. However, the level of aflatoxin contamination in these products is not known. Compared to groundnut kernels, milled groundnut powder obscures visual indicators of aflatoxin contamination in groundnuts such as moldiness, discoloration, insect damage or kernel damage. A survey was therefore conducted from 2012 to 2014, to estimate and compare aflatoxin levels in these products (n = 202), purchased from markets in important groundnut growing districts and in urban areas. Samples of whole groundnut kernels (n = 163) and milled groundnut powder (n = 39) were analysed for aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) by competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA). Results showed substantial AFB1 contamination levels in both types of groundnut products with maximum AFB1 levels of 11,100 μg/kg (groundnut kernels) and 3000 μg/kg (milled groundnut powder). However, paired t test analysis showed that AFB1 contamination levels in milled groundnut powder were not always significantly higher (P > 0.05) than those in groundnut kernels. Even for products from the same vendor, AFB1 levels were not consistently higher in milled groundnut powder than in whole groundnut kernels. This suggests that vendors do not systematically sort out whole groundnut kernels of visually poor quality for milling. However, the overall contamination levels of groundnut products with AFB1 were found to be alarmingly high in all years and locations. Therefore, solutions are needed to reduce aflatoxin levels in such under-regulated markets.
外文关键词：Food safety；Aflatoxin；Groundnut；Survey；Sub-Saharan Africa
作者：Njoroge, SMC；Matumba, L；Kanenga, K；Siambi, M；Waliyar, F；Maruwo, J；Machinjiri, N；Monyo, ES
作者单位：Int Crops Res Inst Semi Arid Trop
期刊名称：MYCOTOXIN RESEARCH
期刊影响因子：2.0
出版年份：2017
出版刊次：2
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