中文摘要：对水产养殖中霉菌毒素的担忧在持续增长，一定程度上是由于植物原料逐渐代替了动物性蛋白质，如鱼粉。本研究在一年时间内分析了2176个不同植物蛋白质来源样品和25个成品水产饲料样品。检测样品中的黄曲霉毒素（AF；黄曲霉毒素B1、B2、G1和G2总量）、玉米烯酮（ZEN）、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）、伏马菌素（FB；伏马菌素B1和B2总量）、T-2毒素和赭曲霉毒素A（全毒素筛选）。分析了以下植物性原料：豆粕（SBM）、小麦（WH）、麦麸（WB）、玉米（C）、玉米蛋白粉（CGM）、棉籽粕（CSM）、油菜籽/菜籽粕（R/CM）和米糠（RB）。植物性原料和水产成品饲料从亚洲和欧洲获得，来自亚洲的成品饲料样品从越南、印度尼西亚和缅甸获取，欧洲则从丹麦、奥地利、荷兰和德国取样。在分析的大多数商品和成品饲料中发现了霉菌毒素，表明霉菌毒素是水产养殖发展的风险。通常，在亚洲样品中观察到SBM、WH、WB、C、CGM、R/CM和RB主要受镰刀菌毒素（ZEA、DON和FB）污染。CSM主要受到较低浓度的AF和镰刀菌毒素（ZEA和DON）污染。欧洲的样品主要受镰孢霉菌毒素污染。所有样品中霉菌毒素的共存都很高，提高了成品饲料中共存的可能性。当与各自的全谷物（分别为C和WH）相比时，观察到了加工后植物原料（比如CGM和WB）上霉菌毒素的积累。与2014年获得的结论相比，成品饲料的污染程度更低，但是增加了共存的风险。
外文摘要：Concern about mycotoxins in aquaculture has been growing, partly due to the gradual replacement of animal-derived proteins, such as fish meal, by plant sources. Over a period of one year, 2,176 samples of different plant protein sources and 25 samples of finished aquaculture feeds were analysed. Samples were tested for aflatoxins (AF; sum of aflatoxin B-1, B-2, G(1) and G(2)), zearalenone (ZEA), deoxynivalenol (DON), fumonisins (FB; sum of fumonisin B-1 and B-2), T-2 toxin and ochratoxin A (full toxin screen). The following plant-based meals were analysed: soybean meal (SBM), wheat (WH), wheat bran (WB), maize (C), corn gluten meal (CGM), cottonseed meal (CSM), rapeseed/canola meal (R/CM) and rice bran (RB). The plant raw materials and aquaculture finished feeds were obtained from Asia and Europe. Finished feed samples from Asia were acquired from Vietnam, Indonesia and Myanmar, while from Europe they were sampled from Denmark, Austria, the Netherlands and Germany. Mycotoxins were found in most of the commodities and finished feeds analysed, showing that mycotoxins represent a risk for the development of the aquaculture sector. Generally, in Asian samples we observed that SBM, WH, WB, C, CGM, R/CM and RB were mostly contaminated with Fusarium mycotoxins (ZEA, DON and FB). CSM was contaminated primarily by AF and Fusarium toxins (ZEA and DON) at lower concentrations. European samples were contaminated mainly by Fusarium mycotoxins. The co-occurrence of mycotoxins in all commodities was high, raising the probability of co-occurrence in finished feeds. An accumulation of mycotoxins on the processed plant-based ingredients (e.g. CGM and WB) was observed when compared to the respective whole grains (C and WH, respectively). Compared to results obtained in 2014, finished feeds presented lower contamination levels, but the co-occurrence risk increased.
外文关键词：fungal metabolites；fish meal replacement；plant raw materials；fish；shrimp
作者：Goncalves, R. A.；Schatzmayr, D.；Hofstetter, U.等.
作者单位：BIOMIN Holding GmbH
期刊名称：WORLD MYCOTOXIN JOURNAL
期刊影响因子：2.091
出版年份：2017
出版刊次：2
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