中文摘要：2011和2013年，本研究在阿登斯特（德国北部）冬小麦田进行了土壤试验，研究土壤食物网（蚯蚓，环节动物；跳虫，弹尾目及腐生滑刃线虫，线虫）内各重要成员对麦秸中植物致病真菌黄色镰刀菌的生物防除及相互作用的影响。研究发现蚯蚓是一种潜力巨大的有效生物防除剂，能促进麦秸中镰刀菌植物病原体的可持续控制，从而减少耕地中特定植物病害的感染风险。
外文摘要：In 2011 and 2013, a field experiment was conducted in a winter wheat field at Adenstedt (northern Germany) to investigate biocontrol and interaction effects of important members of the soil food web (Lumbricus terrestris, Annelida; Folsomia candida, Collembola and Aphelenchoides saprophilus, Nematoda) on the phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium culmorum in wheat straw. Therefore, soil fauna was introduced in mesocosms in defined numbers and combinations and exposed to either Fusarium-infected or non-infected wheat straw. L. terrestris was introduced in all faunal treatments and combined either with F. candida or A. saprophilus or both. Mesocosms filled with a Luvisol soil, a cover of different types of wheat straw and respective combinations of faunal species were established outdoors in the topsoil of a winter wheat field after harvest of the crop. After a time span of 4 and 8 weeks, the degree of wheat straw coverage of mesocosms was quantified to assess its attractiveness for the soil fauna. The content of Fusarium biomass in residual wheat straw and soil was determined using a double-antibody sandwich (DAS)-ELISA method. In both experimental years, the infected wheat straw was incorporated more efficiently into the soil than the non-infected control straw due to the presence of L. terrestris in all faunal treatments than the non-infected control straw. In addition, Fusarium biomass was reduced significantly in all treatments after 4 weeks (2011: 95–99%; 2013:15–54%), whereupon the decline of fungal biomass was higher in faunal treatments than in non-faunal treatments and differed significantly from them. In 2011, Fusarium biomass of the faunal treatments was below the quantification limit after 8 weeks. In 2013, a decline of Fusarium biomass was observed, but the highest content of Fusarium biomass was still found in the non-faunal treatments after 8 weeks. In the soil of all treatments, Fusarium biomass was below the quantification limit. The earthworm species L. terrestris revealed a considerable potential as an effective biocontrol agent contributing to a sustainable control of a Fusarium plant pathogen in wheat straw, thus reducing the infection risk for specific plant diseases in arable fields.
外文关键词：Plant pathogen repression；Biocontrol；Ecosystem services；Soil health；Functional soil biodiversity
作者：Meyer-Wolfarth, F；Schrader, S；Oldenburg, E；Weinert, J；Brunotte, J
作者单位：Johann Heinrich von Thunen Inst TI
期刊名称：MYCOTOXIN RESEARCH
期刊影响因子：2.0
出版年份：2017
出版刊次：3
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