中文摘要：黄曲霉毒素是高致癌次生代谢物，能污染大约25%的作物并引起或加重多种不利的健康状况，特别是在撒哈拉以南非洲、南亚和东南亚。在高暴露地区，缺乏对黄曲霉毒素的调节和净化。生物解毒方法比化学方法更便宜、更环保，应用前景很好。白腐菌在就地和迁地试验中能产生降解黄曲霉毒素的非特异性酶。本研究目的有二：（1）用固态发酵结合标准栽培的食用菌-白腐菌平菇(oyster mushroom)净化自然污染的玉米中的黄曲霉毒素B1（AFB1）；（2）评估分解产物及平菇的诱变风险。结果表明平菇在标准培养技术下能将自然污染的玉米中的AFB1显著降低到一些牲畜饲料可接受的水平，用平菇转化粮食成食用菌能减少AFB1引起的损失。
外文摘要：Aflatoxins are highly carcinogenic secondary metabolites that can contaminate approximately 25% of crops and that cause or exacerbate multiple adverse health conditions, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa and South and Southeast Asia. Regulation and decontamination of aflatoxins in high exposure areas is lacking. Biological detoxification methods are promising because they are assumed to be cheaper and more environmentally friendly compared to chemical alternatives. White-rot fungi produce non-specific enzymes that are known to degrade aflatoxin in in situ and ex situ experiments. The aims of this study were to (1) decontaminate aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in naturally contaminated maize with the edible, white-rot fungus Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom) using a solid-state fermentation system that followed standard cultivation techniques, and to (2) and to assess the risk of mutagenicity in the resulting breakdown products and mushrooms. Vegetative growth and yield characteristics of P. ostreatus were not inhibited by the presence of AFB1. AFB1 was degraded by up to 94% by the Blue strain. No aflatoxin could be detected in P. ostreatus mushrooms produced from AFB1-contaminated maize. Moreover, the mutagenicity of breakdown products from the maize substrate, and reversion of breakdown products to the parent compound, were minimal. These results suggest that P. ostreatus significantly degrades AFB1 in naturally contaminated maize under standard cultivation techniques to levels that are acceptable for some livestock fodder, and that using P. ostreatus to bioconvert crops into mushrooms can reduce AFB1-related losses.
外文关键词：Aflatoxin；Pleurotus ostreatus；Solid-state fermentation；Biodegradation
作者：Jackson, LW；Pryor, BM
作者单位：Univ Arizona
期刊名称：AMB EXPRESS
期刊影响因子：2.167
出版年份：2017
出版刊次：6
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