中文摘要：禾谷镰刀菌（有性型：子囊菌门，肉座菌目，赤霉菌属，玉米赤霉）是一种破坏性真菌病原体，威胁着全球小麦和大麦的生产及品质。控制这种产毒病原体是一个巨大的挑战。本研究中，市售解淀粉芽孢杆菌（细菌，厚壁菌门，芽孢杆菌目，芽孢杆菌属）菌株FZB42显示出很强的禾谷镰刀菌抗性。而由FZB42产生的脂肽杆菌抗霉素D，显示了抗菌活性。研究结果证明了杆菌抗霉素D抗禾谷镰刀菌的活性机理，并突出了解淀粉芽孢杆菌FZB42作为禾谷镰刀菌生物防除剂的潜在作用。
外文摘要：Fusarium graminearum (teleomorph: Ascomycota, Hypocreales, Gibberella, Gibberella zeae) is a destructive fungal pathogen that threatens the production and quality of wheat and barley worldwide. Controlling this toxin-producing pathogen is a significant challenge. In the present study, the commercially available strain Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (Bacteria, Firmicutes, Bacillales, Bacillus) FZB42 showed strong activity against F. graminearum. The lipopeptide bacillomycin D, produced by FZB42, was shown to contribute to the antifungal activity. Purified bacillomycin D showed strong activity against F. graminearum, and its 50% effective concentration was determined to be approximately 30 mu g/ml. Analyses using scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed that bacillomycin D caused morphological changes in the plasma membranes and cell walls of F. graminearum hyphae and conidia. Fluorescence microscopy combined with different dyes showed that bacillomycin D induced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and caused cell death in F. graminearum hyphae and conidia. F. graminearum secondary metabolism also responded to bacillomycin D challenge, by increasing the production of deoxynivalenol. Biological control experiments demonstrated that bacillomycin D exerted good control of F. graminearum on corn silks, wheat seedlings, and wheat heads. In response to bacillomycin D, F. graminearum genes involved in scavenging reactive oxygen species were downregulated, whereas genes involved in the synthesis of deoxynivalenol were upregulated. Phosphorylation of MGV1 and HOG1, the mitogen-activated protein kinases of F. graminearum, was increased in response to bacillomycin D. Taken together, these findings reveal the mechanism of the antifungal action of bacillomycin D.
IMPORTANCE Biological control of plant disease caused by Fusarium graminearum is desirable. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42 is a representative of the biocontrol bacterial strains. In this work, the lipopeptide bacillomycin D, produced by FZB42, showed strong fungicidal activity against F. graminearum. Bacillomycin D caused morphological changes in the plasma membrane and cell wall of F. graminearum, induced accumulation of reactive oxygen species, and ultimately caused cell death in F. graminearum. Interestingly, when F. graminearum was challenged with bacillomycin D, the deoxynivalenol production, gene expression, mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation, and pathogenicity of F. graminearum were significantly altered. These findings clarified the mechanisms of the activity of bacillomycin D against F. graminearum and highlighted the potential of B. amyloliquefaciens FZB42 as a biocontrol agent against F. graminearum.
外文关键词：fungus-bacterium interactions；Bacillus amyloliquefaciens；Fusarium graminearum；bacillomycin D；reactive oxygen species；cell death；mitogen-activated protein kinases
作者：Gu, Q；Yang, Y；Yuan, QM；Shi, GM；Wu, LM；Lou, ZY；Huo, R；Wu, HJ；Borriss, R；Gao, XW；AF Gu, Qin；Yang, Yang
作者单位：Nanjing Agr Univ
期刊名称：APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
期刊影响因子：3.823
出版年份：2017
出版刊次：19
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