中文摘要：开发天然保护剂代替化学杀菌剂是当前焦点。本文研究了百里香、肉桂、迷迭香及牛至精油(EO)的化学成份及抗菌活性，以及它们可能的双重和三重组合的协同作用。研究表明，百里香、肉桂和迷迭香三重组合处理灰葡萄孢，得到最低的最大生长率(0.37 mm/天)。活体测试也证明了组合EO处理的抑菌效果可观。肉桂/迷失香/百里香(78、1250、39mu g/mL)三重组合25摄氏度处理灰葡萄孢和扩展青霉10天，梨的平均病变直径为6mm和8mm。结果还表明了百里香/肉桂(78、156 mu g/mL)双重组合比单EO处理的抑菌效果更好。
外文摘要：The development of natural protective agents as alternatives to chemical fungicides is currently in the spotlight. In the present investigation, chemical composition and antifungal activities of thyme, cinnamon, rosemary and marjoram essential oils (EO), as well as synergism of their possible double and triple combinations were investigated. The compositions of the oils were determined by GC/MS. For determination of antifungal activity against Penicillium expansum and Bottytis cinerea, a broth microdilution method was used. The possible interactions of some essential oil combinations were performed by the two and three-dimensional checkerboard assay and isobologram construction. An in vivo antifungal assay was performed by artificial wounding of pear fruits. The maximum antifungal activity was demonstrated by thyme and cinnamon oils which displayed lower MIC values whereas rosemary and marjoram oils with MIC range between 2500 and 10,000 mu g/mL exhibited weak antifungal activities against tested fungi. In synergy testing, some double combinations (thyme/cinnamon, thyme/rosemary, cinnamon/rosemary) were found to be synergistic (FICi <= 0.5). The triple combination of thyme, cinnamon and rosemary was synergistic for B. cinerea and P. expansum (FICi values of 0.5 and 0.375, respectively); while combination of cinnamon, marjoram and thyme exhibited additive and synergistic effect against P. expanswn (FIC = 0.625) and B. cinerea (FIC = 0.375) respectively. The usage of a mathematical Gompertz model in relation to fungal kinetics, showed that the model could be used to predict growth curves (R-2 = 0.993 0.05). For B. cinerea, Gompertz parameters for double and triple combination treatments showed significant increase in lag phase (1.92 and 2.92 days, respectively) compared to single treatments. Increase lag time up to 2.82 days (P < 0.05) also observed in P. expansum treated by triple combination of EOs. Base on the results, the lowest maximum growth rate (0.37 mm/day) was observed in B. cinerea treated by triple combination of thyme, cinnamon and rosemary. The in vivo test also demonstrated considerable inhibitory effects of EO combination treatments. Average lesion diameter of pears treated with triple combination of cinnamon/rosemary/thyme (78, 1250, 39 mu g/mL) was 6 mm and 8 mm against B. cinerea and P. expansum respectively, in 10 days at 25 degrees C. Results also showed that double combination of thyme/cinnamon (78, 156 mu g/mL) has more inhibitory effect than single EO treatments.
外文关键词：Essential oils；Fractional inhibitory concentration；Two and three dimensional checker board；Fungal growth inhibition kinetics；Pear fruit
作者：Nikkhah, M；Hashemi, M；Najafi, MBH；Farhoosh, R；AF Nikkhah, Mehdi；Hashemi, Maryam；Najafi, Mohammad B. Habibi；Farhoosh, Reza
作者单位：Ferdowsi Univ Mashhad
期刊名称：INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY
期刊影响因子：3.445
出版年份：2017
出版刊次：-
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