中文摘要：转基因作物的环境风险评估包括生物多样性影响的评估。本文在两年时间里用陷阱法对爱尔兰和荷兰地区的马铃薯农业生态系统进行了节肢动物的生物多样性研究，并测试了地点、年份、马铃薯基因型和杀菌剂管理对节肢动物群落组成的影响。本文对三种马铃薯进行了对比分析，利用单变量生物多样性指数和多变量排序方法对风险评估中的生物多样性评估方法进行了测试，并通过分类或功能分类对陷阱捕捉进行了分类。研究发现，香农-维纳生物多样性指数和和辛普森生物多样性指数在不同的地点、年份、马铃薯基因型间均表现出较强的差异，但杀菌剂管理对其没有影响。基因型影响的差异主要是Desiree和Sarpo Mira品种之间的差异，而不是转基因马铃薯（A15-31）与其同源马铃薯（Desiree）之间的差异。多元排序分析和RDA排序分析证实了这些发现，并揭示了年份、地点和基因型、杀菌剂管理之间的相互作用。多样性分析的价值在于它提供了对群落结构有价值的特定节肢动物类群的信息。因此，可将多样性分析作为一个在环境风险评估或在指标品种选择中对重要节肢动物群落进行群落结构比较的灵敏方法。
外文摘要：An environmental risk assessment for the introduction of genetically modified crops includes assessing the consequences for biodiversity. In this study arthropod biodiversity was measured using pitfall traps in potato agro-ecosystems in Ireland and The Netherlands over two years. We tested the impact of site, year, potato genotype, and fungicide management regime on arthropod community composition. Three potato genotypes were compared: the cultivar Desiree, susceptible to the late blight pathogen Phytoplithora infestans, a genetically modified cisgenic clone of Desiree resistant to P. infestans and the cultivar Sarpo Mira, also resistant to late blight. We aimed to test several ways to measure biodiversity in the context of risk assessment by using both univariate biodiversity indices and multivariate ordination methods, categorizing the pitfall trap catch by taxonomic or functional category. The Shannon-Wiener and Simpson biodiversity indices both showed strong differences between sites, years and potato genotypes, but showed no effects of the fungicide management regime. The effect of genotype was due to cultivar differences between Desiree and Sarpo Mira rather than between the GM-event (A15-31) and its isogenic comparator Desiree. Multivariate permutation analyses and RDA ordination confirmed these findings and also showed interactions between year, site and either genotype or treatment. The added value of the multivariate analysis was that it provided information on the specific arthropod groups or taxa that contributed to community structure. Multivariate analyses are recommended for use as a sensitive method to compare functionally important arthropod groups driving community structure within the framework of environmental risk assessments, or for the process of indicator species selection.
外文关键词：Biodiversity; Environmental risk assessment; Genetically modified crops; Biodiversity index; Multivariate analysis; Functional groups
作者：Lazebnik, Jenny; Dicke, Marcel; ter Braak, Cajo J. F.; 等
作者单位：Wageningen Univ & Res
期刊名称：AGRICULTURE ECOSYSTEMS & ENVIRONMENT
期刊影响因子：4.099
出版年份：2017
出版刊次：11
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