中文摘要：随着转Bt基因棉在中国盐碱地的种植量增加，转基因作物的生物安全评价主要集中于研究土壤盐分对根际微生物和Bt蛋白残留量的影响。本文于2013-2014年研究了不同盐度水平下（1.15, 6.00 and 11.46 dS m(-1)）转Bt基因棉（GK19）及其亲本非转基因棉花（Simian 3）的根际微生物生物量、土壤酶活性和Bt蛋白含量。研究发现，虽然转Bt基因棉的GK19根际土壤中存在Bt蛋白，且其含量随着棉花生长和土壤盐分水平的增加而增加，但一直处于微量水平；随着转Bt基因棉和非转基因棉根际土壤盐分的增强，轻度嗜盐菌群、溶磷细菌、氨化细菌、硝化细菌和反硝化细菌的数量增加，而微生物生物碳、微生物呼吸、土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶和碱性磷酸酶的活性下降。研究结果表明，转Bt基因棉根际土壤中的Bt蛋白含量增加可能是由土壤微生物的缓慢分解引起的，这表明盐分是影响土壤微生物相关活动的主要因素，且Bt蛋白对土壤微生物无明显不良影响。本研究的结果可为盐碱地转Bt基因棉的风险评价提供理论依据。
外文摘要：With increased cultivation of transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton in the saline alkaline soil of China, assessments of transgenic crop biosafety have focused on the effects of soil salinity on rhizosphere microbes and Bt protein residues. In 2013 and 2014, investigations were conducted on the rhizosphere microbial biomass, soil enzyme activities and Bt protein contents of the soil under transgenic Bt cotton (variety GK19) and its parental non-transgenic cotton (Simian 3) cultivated at various salinity levels (1.15, 6.00 and 11.46 dS m(-1)). Under soil salinity stress, trace amounts of Bt proteins were observed in 'the Bt cotton GK19 rhizosphere soil, although the protein content increased with cotton growth and increased soil salinity levels. The populations of slight halophilic bacteria, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, ammonifying bacteria, nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria decreased with increased soil salinity in the Bt and non -Bt cotton rhizosphere soil, and the microbial biomass carbon, microbial respiration and soil catalase, urease and alkaline phosphatase activity also decreased. Correlation analyses showed that the increased Bt protein content in the Bt cotton rhizosphere soil may have been caused by the slower decomposition of soil microorganisms, which suggests that salinity was the main factor influencing the relevant activities of the soil microorganisms and indicates that Bt proteins had no clear adverse effects on the soil microorganisms. The results of this study may provide a theoretical basis for risk assessments of genetically modified cotton in saline alkaline soil.
外文关键词：soil salinity; Bt cotton; soil microorganisms; microbial biomass carbon; microbial respiration; soil enzyme activity; Bt protein
作者：Luo Jun-yu; Zhang Shuai; Zhu Xiang-zhen; 等.
作者单位：Chinese Acad Agr Sci
期刊名称：JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE AGRICULTURE
期刊影响因子：1.042
出版年份：2017
出版刊次：9
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