中文摘要：本文介绍了一种分析转基因植物对土壤和模型生物影响的简便、快速、有效方法，以取代费时费力的田间试验。本文的研究主要集中在两个第三代转基因植物：转基因植物造药物（PMP）和植物制造业（PMI）。作者选藻青素合成酶（CPHA）和霍乱毒素B（CTB）分别作为PMI和PMP的模型。研究发现，模型基因的表达对根的诱导、生长、生物量、与根瘤菌及丛枝菌根真菌的相互作用均没有显著影响。在体外但非大田条件下，通过PLFA方法确定细菌的比例来研究转基因植物与非转基因植物大部分土壤微生物群落的结构多样性。Py-FIMS分析发现土壤的微生物数量与分子组成不同，而PLFA比例根据土壤微生物数量与分子组成的不同而有显著差异。与田间试验相反，本文的体外实验可以检测到更微小的影响，并将其与转基因表达联系起来，从而减少空间、时间和劳力。
外文摘要：We introduce an easy, fast and effective method to analyze the influence of genetically modified (GM) plants on soil and model organisms in the laboratory to substitute laborious and time consuming field trials. For the studies described here we focused on two GM plants of the so-called 3rd generation: GM plants producing pharmaceuticals (PMP) and plant made industrials (PMI). Cyanophycin synthetase (cphA) was chosen as model for PMI and Choleratoxin B (CTB) as model for PMP. The model genes are expressed in transgenic roots of composite Vicia hirsuta plants grown in petri dishes for semi-sterile growth or small containers filled with non-sterile soil. No significant influence of the model gene expression on root induction, growth, biomass, interaction with symbionts such as rhizobia (number, size and functionality of nodules, selection of nodulating strains) or arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi could be detected. In vitro, but not in situ under field conditions, structural diversity of the bulk soil microbial community between transgenic and non-transgenic cultivars was determined by PLFA pattern-derived ratios of bacteria: fungi and of gram+: gram(-) bacteria. Significant differences in PLFA ratios were associated with dissimilarities in the quantity and molecular composition of rhizodeposits as revealed by Py-FIMS analyses. Contrary to field trials, where small effects based on the transgene expression might be hidden by the immense influence of various environmental factors, our in vitro system can detect even minor effects and correlates them to transgene expression with less space, time and labour.
外文关键词：Risk assessment; Composite Vicia hirsuta; Agrobacterium rhizogenes; Bacteria-soil-plant interaction; Rhizosphere ecology; Root exudates; Soil
作者：Horn, Patricia; Schlichting, Andre; Baum, Christel; 等
作者单位：Univ Rostock
期刊名称：JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY
期刊影响因子：2.599
出版年份：2017
出版刊次：9
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