中文摘要：室内湿度足够时，有些真菌能在建筑材料上生长。常见种类中，有些是强效的霉菌毒素产生菌。这类产毒真菌出现在室内，引发了毒素烟雾化后住户通过呼吸暴露于这些毒性化合物的可能性问题。本研究调查了短密青霉、杂色曲霉及葡萄穗霉在墙纸上生长的过程中，霉菌毒素的产生及随后毒素从受污染墙纸的烟雾化情况。研究发现产毒真菌在潮湿的情况下可在建筑材料上生长，引发了随后的住户暴露于烟雾化霉菌毒素的问题。本研究证实了三种不同的产毒菌能在墙纸上生长期间产生霉菌毒素。这些毒素至少在一定程度上会从发霉材料上烟雾化。这种毒素转移到建筑物内空气中需要的气流速度在实际生活条件下就可以达到。大多数烟雾化毒素在相当于孢子或菌丝片段大小的颗粒中发现。然而，有些毒素却在比孢子更小的颗粒中发现，这就易于呼吸并深入渗透人的呼吸道。所有这些资料对有关室内环境的真菌污染风险评估很重要。
外文摘要：Many fungi can develop on building material in indoor environments if the moisture level is high enough. Among species that are frequently observed, some are known to be potent mycotoxin producers. This presence of toxinogenic fungi in indoor environments raises the question of the possible exposure of occupants to these toxic compounds by inhalation after aerosolization. This study investigated mycotoxin production by Penicillium brevicompactum, Aspergillus versicolor, and Stachybotrys chartarum during their growth on wallpaper and the possible subsequent aerosolization of produced mycotoxins from contaminated substrates. We demonstrated that mycophenolic acid, sterigmatocystin, and macrocyclic trichothecenes (sum of 4 major compounds) could be produced at levels of 1.8, 112.1, and 27.8 mg/m(2), respectively, on wallpaper. Moreover, part of the produced toxins could be aerosolized from the substrate. The propensity for aerosolization differed according to the fungal species. Thus, particles were aerosolized from wallpaper contaminated with P. brevicompactum when an air velocity of just 0.3 m/s was applied, whereas S. chartarum required an air velocity of 5.9 m/s. A. versicolor was intermediate, since aerosolization occurred under an air velocity of 2 m/s. Quantification of the toxic content revealed that toxic load was mostly associated with particles of size >= 3 mu m, which may correspond to spores. However, some macrocyclic trichothecenes (especially satratoxin H and verrucarin J) can also be found on smaller particles that can deeply penetrate the respiratory tract upon inhalation. These elements are important for risk assessment related to moldy environments.
IMPORTANCE The possible colonization of building material by toxinogenic fungi in cases of moistening raises the question of the subsequent exposure of occupants to aerosolized mycotoxins. In this study, we demonstrated that three different toxinogenic species produce mycotoxins during their development on wallpaper. These toxins can subsequently be aerosolized, at least partly, from moldy material. This transfer to air requires air velocities that can be encountered under real-life conditions in buildings. Most of the aerosolized toxic load is found in particles whose size corresponds to spores or mycelium fragments. However, some toxins were also found on particles smaller than spores that are easily respirable and can deeply penetrate the human respiratory tract. All of these data are important for risk assessment related to fungal contamination of indoor environments.
外文关键词：indoor air；mycotoxins；exposure；aerosolization；wallpaper；fungi；indoor air quality；filamentous fungi
作者：Aleksic, B；Draghi, M；Ritoux, S；Bailly, S；Lacroix, M；Oswald, IP；Bailly, JD；Robine, E；AF Aleksic, Brankica；Draghi, Marjorie；Ritoux, Sebastien；Bailly, Sylviane
作者单位：Univ Toulouse
期刊名称：APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
期刊影响因子：3.823
出版年份：2017
出版刊次：16
点击下载：壁纸上产毒真菌的生长及霉菌毒素的烟雾化