中文摘要：镰刀菌属真菌在生长季感染谷类作物并引起赤霉病(FHB)。它们的次生代谢物（霉菌毒素）会污染粮食。霉菌毒素在标准的食品和饲料加工及体内消化过程中不会降解，对人类健康有害。本研究通过3年的田间试验，评估了生物控制剂及一种植物生物刺激物（以及杀菌剂）对赤霉病发展、镰刀菌对冬小麦的定殖以及麦角固醇、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、玉米赤霉烯酮、白僵菌素、恩链孢菌素和串珠镰刀菌素在冬小麦籽粒中积累的作用。生物控制剂为细菌鞘氨醇单胞菌及真菌出芽短梗霉。研究发现所有保护处理都能抑制镰刀菌病原体的核心组织渗透，并有助于自然减少储存六个月的粮食中的镰刀菌群；杀菌剂对减少小麦籽粒受脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇污染最有效，而细菌和植物生物刺激物对减少雪腐镰刀菌烯醇的效果最好。出芽短梗霉能有效抑制多种镰刀菌毒素（脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、恩链孢菌素和串珠镰刀菌素）的增殖。
外文摘要：Fungi of the genus Fusarium infect cereal crops during the growing season and cause head blight (FHB). Their secondary metabolites (mycotoxins) contaminate grain. Mycotoxins are not degraded during standard food and feed processing operations or in vivo digestion, and are dangerous to human health. In a threeyear field experiment we evaluated the effects of biological control agents and a plant biostimulator (as well as fungicides) on the development of Fusarium head blight (FHB), winter wheat grain colonization by Fusarium fungi, and the accumulation of ergosterol, deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, zearalenone, beauvericin, enniatins, and moniliformin in winter wheat grain. The biological control agents were bacterial isolates of the genera Sphingomonas and fungal isolates of Aureobasidium pullulans. All protective treatments inhibited kernel tissue penetration by Fusarium pathogens, and contributed to a natural reduction in Fusarium spp. populations after six months of grain storage. In comparison with the untreated control, bacterial isolates reduced the abundance of fungal pathogens by 23.5% at harvest and by 100% after a six-month storage period, yeasts by 34.1% and 40.9%, fungicides by 22.1-65.5% and 100%, and the plant biostimulator by 68.1% and 100%, respectively. Fungicides were most effective in reducing wheat grain contamination with deoxynivalenol, whereas bacteria and the plant biostimulator with nivalenol. A. pullulans can effectively inhibit the proliferation of a wide spectrum of Fusarium toxins (deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, enniatins, and moniliformin).
外文关键词：Fusarium toxins；Sphingomonas sp.；Aureobasidium pullulans；plant biostimulator；fungicides
作者：Wachowska, U；Waskiewicz, A；Jedryczka, M
作者单位：Univ Warmia & Mazury
期刊名称：POLISH JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES
期刊影响因子：0.79
出版年份：2017
出版刊次：5
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