中文摘要：霉菌毒素及其它真菌代谢物是谷物食品与饲料链最具威胁的安全风险。优化农艺措施是尽量减少谷物制品中这些不良物质的含量所采用的重要手段。本研究旨在探索播期与杂种相组合对玉米中新兴霉菌毒素与真菌代谢物发生的影响。在自然感染的野外条件下获得的结果，强调了在遭遇不同环境条件的玉米中，播期和杂种易感性，以可变的方式，对不同镰刀菌产生的霉菌毒素污染的影响起着关键作用。李瑟组镰刀菌产生的霉菌毒素含量与晚播的关系更直接、更稳定；而与异色组镰刀菌相关的霉菌毒素污染则与玉米开花期及杂种易感性的环境条件有更强的依赖性。
外文摘要：Mycotoxins and other fungal metabolites represent the most insidious safety risks to cereal food and the feed chain. Optimising agronomic practices is one of the main strategies adopted to minimise the contents of these undesirable substances in grain-based commodities. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the combination of sowing times and hybrids on the occurrence of emerging mycotoxins and fungal metabolites in maize. Field experiments were carried out in 2 sowing times (early vs late) and 3 maize hybrids were compared in the 2014 and 2015 growing seasons. Overall, 37 fungal metabolites produced by Fusarium and Alternaria species were detected. Apart from fumonisins type B (FBs), other metabolites produced by Fusarium verticillioides and F. proliferatum, such as fumonisins type A, fusaric acid, bikaverin and fusaproliferin, were also detected in all of the samples. Fusarin C was found in 61% of the samples. Deoxynivalenol (DON), deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside, culmorin and zearalenone, all of which are produced prevalently by Fusarium graminearum and F. culmorum, were found in all the samples. Their contents were clearly affected by the meteorological trend: the highest contamination was detected in the 2014 growing season, which was characterised by abundant rainfall and lower temperatures from flowering to maize ripening. Among the mycotoxins produced by other Fusarium species, aurofusarin was found to clearly be associated with DON, while moniliformin and beauvericin followed the same behaviour as the FBs. A late sowing time significantly increased the FBs and fumonisin- associated mycotoxins in both growing seasons. The increase in contamination with the delay of sowing was more pronounced in the 2015 growing season, as the environmental conditions were less favourable to the infection of other Fusarium species. The effect of sowing time on DON and DON-associated mycotoxins produced conflicting results for the two growing seasons, because contamination by these metabolites depends more on the conditions that occur during maize flowering than those that occur during ripening. A clearer hybrid susceptibility was observed for these compounds. Other metabolites, such as enniatins, equisetin, T-2 and HT-2 toxins and Alternaria toxins, were always found in traces. The occurrence of these metabolites seems to be influenced less by the considered agronomic practices. The results, obtained under naturally-infected field conditions, underline the key role that the sowing date and hybrid susceptibility play in influencing, in a variable way, the contamination of mycotoxins produced by different Fusarium species in maize subjected to different meteorological conditions. The content of mycotoxins produced by Fusarium spp. section Liseola is more directly and steadily related to late sowing time, while the contamination of mycotoxins associated to Fusarium spp. section Discolor depend more strongly on the environmental conditions at maize flowering and on hybrid susceptibility.
外文关键词：Alternaria；Ear rot；Field prevention；Fusarium；Maize
作者：Blandino, M；Scarpino, V；Giordano, D；Sulyok, M；Krska, R；Vanara, F；Reyneri, A
作者单位：Univ Turin
期刊名称：ITALIAN JOURNAL OF AGRONOMY
期刊影响因子：0.955
出版年份：2017
出版刊次：3
点击下载：播期、杂种与环境条件对玉米受新兴霉菌毒素及真菌代谢物污染的影响