中文摘要：开心果口感宜人，有很高的国际需求，但易受黄曲霉污染。在相对湿度较高的储藏或运输过程中，这种真菌不到3个月就能污染水分含量很低(∼5%)的大包装无花果包。黄曲霉产生不同种类的致癌黄曲霉毒素（如次生代谢物），即使开心果中全球最大的可接受水平为15纳克/克，也能构成人类健康威胁。由于开心果仁中使用化学消毒剂（即便允许）会有残留，对人类健康和自然环境造成不良的副作用，人们就考虑到了药用植物强大的抗菌活性。本研究表明将肉桂、丁香和地椒三种药用植物的提取物分别喷洒到无花果仁上，可以完全（100%）抑制产毒真菌的生长并破坏储藏1月以上的无花果所产生的黄曲霉毒素。
外文摘要：The essential oils of clove, cinnamon and celak extracted, diluted (at 3, 5, 7 and 9%), and UV-sterilized. HPLC analysis showed that the clove, cinnamon and celak extracts had respectively eugenol (12.15 mg/g), cinamaldehyde (25.74 mg/g), and combination of thymol (14.49 mg/g) and carvacrol (1.17 mg/g). The Ohadi, Akbari, Ahmad-Aghaei (AA) and Kalleh-Ghouchi (CG) pistachio mixed with each dilution and extract (5% ratio) separately, sprayed with 1 ml of Aspergillus flavus (Af) spores (108 CFU/mL), and cold-stored (1°C and 75% RH) 9 months. The aflatoxins of KG pistachio without herbal extract exceeded 1000 ppb after 3 months. However, the phenols of each extract with 9% concentration could inhibit 100% Af in each contaminated pistachio variety and destruct its aflatoxins efficiently even after 14 days of cold-storage. The contaminated and extract-sprayed Ohadi pistachio nuts had smallest size and weight among pistachios and its total aflatoxin. Practical applicationsWhile pistachio with pleasant taste has a high international demand, it is a susceptible nut to Aspergillus flavus. This fungus contaminates high volume of even low moisture (∼5%) pistachio packages in less than 3 months during storage or transportation at high relative humidity. A. flavus produces different kinds of carcinogenic aflatoxins (as secondary metabolites) which threaten human health even at global and maximum acceptable level of 15 ng/g of pistachio. Since applying of the chemical disinfectants (even permissible ones) on pistachio kernels may leave residue with undesirable side-effects on human health and natural environment, medicinal plants have been considered for their powerful antimicrobial activities. This study showed that separate spraying of three herbal plant extracts including cinnamon, clove and celak on pistachio kernels could inhibit entirely (100%) the growth of toxigenic fungi and destruct the produced aflatoxin when the nuts should be stored for more than 1 month.
作者：Khorasani, S；Azizi, MH；Barzegar, M；Hamidi-Esfahani, Z；Kalbasi-Ashtari, A
作者单位：Tarbiat Modares Univ
期刊名称：JOURNAL OF FOOD SAFETY
期刊影响因子：0.915
出版年份：2017
出版刊次：4
点击下载：肉桂、丁香和地椒提取物对黄曲霉生长及冷藏前喷洒在开心果上的黄曲霉毒素的抑制作用