中文摘要：日本主要从澳大利亚和美国进口棉籽，而96%以上的澳大利亚和美国棉花品种都是转基因的。转基因作物在进入日本之前，根据生物多样性保护和可持续利用的法律需进行环境风险评估（ERA）。根据竞争力、有害物质生产和异交能力，综合评估其对生物多样性的潜在不利影响。尽管进口棉籽是用于食品和饲料用途，而不是用于种植，但运输过程中种子泄漏的潜在风险必须加以评估。本文基于田间试验对日本抗虫耐除草剂转基因棉花GHB119和T304-40进行了环境风险评价。转基因棉花与常规棉花相比，具有生长习性、形态特征、种子休眠和化感活性影响有害物质竞争和生成的特点。由于日本没有有性兼容性的野生近亲，因而远缘杂交能力并不受到人们的关注。尽管转基因棉花和常规棉花在一些形态学特征上有轻微的统计学差异，但转基因或转化并不被认为是造成这些差异的原因。试验表明，转基因棉花对有害物质竞争力和产生的影响与常规棉花相当，且对日本的生物安全没有任何潜在的不利影响。
外文摘要：Japan imports cottonseed mainly from Australia and the USA where more than 96% of all cotton varieties grown are genetically modified (GM). GM crops undergo an environmental risk assessment (ERA) under the Law Concerning the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Biological Diversity before import into Japan. Potential adverse effects on biodiversity are comprehensively assessed based on competitiveness, production of harmful substances and outcrossing ability. Even though imported cottonseed is intended for food and feed uses and not for cultivation, the potential risks from seed spillage during transport must be evaluated. In most cases, the ERA requires data collected from in-country field trials to demonstrate how the GM crop behaves in Japan's environment. Confined field trials in Japan were conducted for the ERA of Lepidoptera-resistant and glufosinate-tolerant GM cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) lines GHB119 and T304-40. These lines were compared with conventional varieties for growth habit, morphological characteristics, seed dormancy, and allelopathic activity associated with competitiveness and production of harmful substances. Outcrossing ability was not a concern due to the absence of sexually compatible wild relatives in Japan. Although slight statistical differences were observed between the GM line and its conventional comparator for some morphological characteristics, transgenes or transformation were not considered to be responsible for these differences. The trial demonstrated that competitiveness and production of harmful substances by these GM cotton lines were equivalent to conventional cotton varieties that have a long history of safe use, and no potential adverse effects to biosafety in Japan were observed.
外文关键词：biological diversity; environmental risk assessment (ERA); field trial; genetically modified (GM) cotton; Gossypium hirsutum L
作者：Asanuma, Yoko; Gondo, Takahiro; Ishigaki, Genki; 等
作者单位：Univ Miyazaki
期刊名称：GM CROPS & FOOD-BIOTECHNOLOGY IN AGRICULTURE AND THE FOOD CHAIN
期刊影响因子：0.0
出版年份：2018
出版刊次：2
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