中文摘要：本研究确定了卢旺达消费的玉米粉、花生粉和木薯粉中霉菌毒素的发生率及其含量水平。评估的霉菌毒素包括黄曲霉毒素、伏马菌素、赭曲霉毒素A、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、玉米赤霉烯酮、T-2毒素和棒曲霉素。随机抽取卢旺达和基加利市四个省的市售玉米、花生和木薯样品。采用高效液相色谱串联质谱（HPLC-MS/MS,安捷伦科技公司）测定和评估样品中霉菌毒素的发生率和浓度。研究表明，分析的食品粉中黄曲霉毒素最为常见，发生率达到100%。玉米粉中黄曲霉毒素、伏马菌素和赭曲霉毒素A的最高总含量分别为16.8μg/kg、48.1μg/kg和3.7μg/kg；花生分粉中总浓度分别为126.6μg/kg、16.3μg/kg和2.8μg/kg；木薯粉中检测到黄曲霉毒素和赭曲霉毒素A浓度分别为2.7μg/kg和3.7μg/kg。有关当局应该定期检测市场上食品中的这些霉菌毒素并提高消费者和销售商对霉菌毒素毒性的认识，以避免人和动物中毒。
外文摘要：Occurrence and levels of mycotoxins from maize, peanuts and cassava flours consumed in Rwanda were determined. The assessed mycotoxins include aflatoxins, fumonisins, ochratoxin A, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, T-2 toxin and patulin. Sampling of maize, peanut and cassava flours were randomly drawn from the markets in all four provinces of Rwanda and Kigali City. Mycotoxins occurrence and concentration in flours were assessed using High Performance Liquid Chromatography tandem Mass Spectroscopy (HPLC-MS/MS, Agilent). Results showed that aflatoxins are the most frequent in the analysed foodstuff flours with a frequency of 89%, 100% and 33% in maize, peanut and cassava samples, respectively. The highest total concentrations of mycotoxins in maize flours were 16.8 mu g/kg, 48.1 mu g/kg and 3.7 mu g/kg for aflatoxins, fumonisins and ochratoxin A, respectively. Those quantities reached a total concentration of 126.6 mu g/kg, 16.3 mu g/kg and 2.8 mu g/kg, respectively in peanut flours, while in cassava flours concentrations of 2.7 mu g/kg and 3.7 mu g/kg for aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, respectively, were detected. Culture of detecting these mycotoxins at regular basis from foods on the markets and increasing awareness amongst consumers and vendors on the toxicity profile of mycotoxins should be instituted by concerned authorities to avoid both human and animal intoxication.
外文关键词：Maize；Peanuts；Cassava；Flours；Chemical analysis；Mycotoxins；Rwanda
作者：Umereweneza, Daniel；Kamizikunze, Theoneste；Muhizi, Theoneste
作者单位：University of Rwanda
期刊名称：FOOD CONTROL
期刊影响因子：3.496
出版年份：2018
出版刊次：-
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