中文摘要：菁是一种用于石油和粮食生产的一年生芸苔科植物，其野生形式是世界农作物的杂草。在南美洲的温带地区，尤其是阿根廷潘帕斯地区，芜菁分布广泛。剂量-反应分析表明，芜菁对草甘膦具有高度抗性，还表明它们对AAS抑制除草剂具有多重抗性。本文通过免疫试验证实了芜菁中草甘膦抗性的转基因起源，并通过事件特异性GT73分子标记证实了CP4EPSPS蛋白的存在。转基因在自然界的杂草和适宜栖息地中至少保留4年，这表明草甘膦抗性可能来自于该国非法种植的转基因油菜作物或种子污染物，这意味着转基因油菜和野生芜菁放入种群间存在基因流动和渗入。在常规免耕耕作系统中，高浓度除草剂使用所产生的高选择压力促进了农业环境中抗逆性的持续和扩散。
外文摘要：Brassica rapa L. is an annual Brassicaceae species cultivated for oil and food production, whose wild form is a weed of crops worldwide. In temperate regions of South America and especially in the Argentine Pampas region, this species is widely distributed. During 2014, wild B. rapa populations that escaped control with glyphosate applications by farmers were found in this area. These plants were characterized by morphology and seed acidic profile, and all the characters agreed with B. rapa description. The dose-response assays showed that the biotypes were highly resistant to glyphosate. It was also shown that they had multiple resistance to AHAS-inhibiting herbicides. The transgenic origin of the glyphosate resistance in B. rapa biotypes was verified by an immunological test which confirmed the presence of the CP4 EPSPS protein and by an event-specific GT73 molecular marker. The persistence of the transgene in nature was confirmed for at least 4 years, in ruderal and agrestal habitats. This finding suggests that glyphosate resistance might come from GM oilseed rape crops illegally cultivated in the country or as a seed contaminant, and it implies gene flow and introgression between feral populations of GM B. napus and wild B. rapa. The persistence and spread of the resistance in agricultural environments was promoted by the high selection pressure imposed by intensive herbicide usage in the prevalent no-till farming systems.
外文关键词：Transgenic crops, Gene flow, Herbicide resistance, Wild turnip, OGM, Hybridization, Introgression
作者：Pandolfo, Claudio E.; Presotto, Alejandro; Torres Carbonell, Francisco; Ureta, Soledad; Poverene, Monica; Cantamutto, Miguel
作者单位：Univ Nacl Sur
期刊名称：ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
期刊影响因子：2.741
出版年份：2018
出版刊次：5
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