中文摘要：硬粒小麦（Triticum turgidum var. durum）是欧洲，特别是地中海国家的一种很重要的作物。赤霉病（FHB）是危害最严重的病害之一，降低产量和品质，并产生霉菌毒素污染麦粒。本研究分析了三个起源于奥地利、斯洛伐克和波兰的冬小麦品种2012-2014收获的麦粒中FHB的发生及镰刀菌毒素的积累情况，并评估了在波兰南部的气候条件下，播种密度和延迟播期的影响。根据研究推测，由于奥地利和斯洛伐克环境条件允许更有效地选择育种材料，从而比波兰培育的品种对FHB敏感性更低。
外文摘要：Durum wheat (Triticum turgidum var. durum) is an important crop in Europe, particularly in the Mediterranean countries. Fusarium head blight (FHB) is considered as one of the most damaging diseases, resulting in yield and quality reduction as well as contamination of grain with mycotoxins. Three winter durum wheat cultivars originating from Austria, Slovakia, and Poland were analyzed during 2012–2014 seasons for FHB incidence and Fusarium mycotoxin accumulation in harvested grain. Moreover, the effects of sowing density and delayed sowing date were evaluated in the climatic conditions of Southern Poland. Low disease severity was observed in 2011/2012 in all durum wheat cultivars analyzed, and high FHB occurrence was recorded in 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 seasons. Fusarium graminearum was the most abundant pathogen, followed by Fusarium avenaceum. Through all three seasons, cultivar Komnata was the most susceptible to FHB and to mycotoxin accumulation, while cultivars Auradur and IS Pentadur showed less symptoms. High susceptibility of cv. Komnata was reflected by the number of Fusarium isolates and elevated mycotoxin (deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, and moniliformin) content in the grain of this cultivar across all three seasons. Nivalenol was identified in the samples of cv. Komnata only. Genotype-dependent differences in FHB susceptibility were observed for the plants sown at optimal date but not at delayed sowing date. It can be hypothesized that cultivars bred in Austria and Slovakia show less susceptibility towards FHB than the cultivar from Poland because of the environmental conditions allowing for more efficient selection of breeding materials.
外文关键词：Deoxynivalenol；Durumwheat；Fusarium；Moniliformin；Nivalenol；Zearalenone
作者：Gorczyca, A；Oleksy, A；Gala-Czekaj, D；Urbaniak, M；Laskowska, M；Waskiewicz, A；Stepien, L
作者单位：Agr Univ Krakow
期刊名称：SCIENCE OF NATURE
期刊影响因子：0.0
出版年份：2014
出版刊次：1-2
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