中文摘要：棕榈仁饼（PKC）是棕榈仁油萃取之后的固体残渣，可用来肥育动物，通常仅作为矿物质和维生素饲料添加剂单独使用，也可与其它饲料如玉米粒和大豆混合使用。饲料样品中的霉菌毒素（黄曲霉毒素、赭曲霉毒素、玉米烯酮和伏马菌素）会影响动物的健康，并且通过鸡蛋、牛奶和肉类的消费成为人体的二次污染物。其中，黄曲霉毒素B1（AFB1）是最具毒性且已确认的人和动物致癌物。高效液相色谱（HPLC）和液相色谱-质谱联用（LC-MS/MS）等方法常用于霉菌毒素的测定，然而，这些方法通常需要对样品进行预处理和大量的清洗，对操作员的熟练程度要求高。因此，本研究在间接竞争酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）的基础上，开发了一种能够快速检测AFB1的电化学免疫传感器。在最佳条件下，电化学免疫传感器的工作范围为0.0001-10ng/ml，检测限为0.1pg/ml。检测饲料样品（PKC，玉米粒，大豆）的回收率很高，所开发的方法可用于实际样品中AFB1的筛选。
外文摘要：Palm kernel cake (PKC) is the solid residue following oil extraction of palm kernels and useful to fatten animals either as a single feed with only minerals and vitamins supplementation, or mixed with other feedstuffs such as corn kernels or soy beans. The occurrence of mycotoxins (aflatoxins, ochratoxins, zearalenone, and fumonisins) in feed samples affects the animal's health and also serves as a secondary contamination to humans via consumption of eggs, milk and meats. Of these, aflatoxin B-1 (AFB(1)) is the most toxically potent and a confirmed carcinogen to both humans and animals. Methods such as High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) are common in the determination of mycotoxins. However, these methods usually require sample pre-treatment, extensive cleanup and skilled operator. Therefore, in the present work, a rapid method of electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of AFB(1) was developed based on an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and chitosan (CS) were used as the electrode modifier for signal enhancement. N-ethyl-N'-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide (EDC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) activated the carboxyl groups at the surface of nanocomposite for the attachment of AFB(1)-BSA antigen by covalent bonding. An indirect competitive reaction occurred between AFB(1)-BSA and free AFB(1) for the binding site of a fixed amount of anti-AFB(1) antibody. A catalytic signal based on horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and 3,3 0,5,5 0 -tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) mediator was observed as a result of attachment of the secondary antibody to the immunoassay system. As a result, the reduction peak of TMB(Ox) was measured by using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) analysis. Based on the results, the electrochemical surface area was increased from 0.396 cm(2) to 1.298 cm(2) due to the electrode modification with MWCNT/CS. At the optimal conditions, the working range of the electrochemical immunosensor was from 0.0001 to 10 ng/mL with limit of detection of 0.1 pg/mL. Good recoveries were obtained for the detection of spiked feed samples (PKC, corn kernels, soy beans). The developed method could be used for the screening of AFB(1) in real samples.
外文关键词：PKC；feed；electrochemical immunosensor；AFB(1)；ELISA；nanocomposite
作者：Azri, Farah Asilah；Selamat, Jinap；Sukor, Rashidah
作者单位：Universiti Putra Malaysia
期刊名称：SENSORS
期刊影响因子：0.0
出版年份：2017
出版刊次：12
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