中文摘要：大多数对大豆的环境评估不区分转基因和非转基因大豆。本文分别对转基因和非转基因进口大豆进行全球大豆链的归因生命周期评估（ALCA）。ALCA研究发现，进口非转基因大豆对进口转基因大豆没有显著的环境效益。进口非转基因大豆对全球变暖潜力和淡水生态毒性有很大影响，而转基因大豆进口对土地利用和陆地富营养化有较大的影响。由于非转基因大豆的隔离而导致的运输距离增加是造成负环境效应较高的主要因素。CLCA的研究结果表明，转基因大豆对全球变暖潜力、淡水和陆地酸化等很多方面有较高的负面影响。
外文摘要：Most environmental assessments of soy production and trade do not distinguish between genetically modified (GM) and non-GM soy. In reality though, soybean imports to European Union maintain identity preservation through segregated supply lines. We, therefore, perform an attributional life cycle assessment (ALCA) of the global soy chain separately for the GM and non-GM imports. First a detailed mapping of the soy-feed supply chain is done, beginning from the farm in Latin America to the animal farmer in European Union. Subsequently, life cycle is assessed to calculate the environmental impacts of each supply line for 14 impact categories, including global warming potential. Since non-GM soy based compound feed is expensive, in countries such as Sweden where there is zero tolerance for genetically modified organisms, animal farmers face a higher cost of production. As a result, there exists the possibility for a policy shift towards use of only GM soy. Hence, a consequential life cycle assessment (CLCA) is performed that includes the market effects for a scenario of shifting from GM to non-GM soy. This also ensures robustness in our estimation of the differential environmental impacts. Results from ALCA reveal that there are no significant environmental gains from importing non-GM soy over GM soy. Global warming potential and freshwater ecotoxicity are very high from non-GM imports while GM soy imports have a larger effect on land uses and terrestrial eutrophication. Increased transport distances due to segregation for non-GM soy is a major contributor to the higher negative environmental effects. Results from the CLCA, however, show that GM soy has a higher negative impact in most of the impact categories including global warming potential and freshwater and terrestrial acidification. This is possible when high demand for low cost GM triggers greater production in Latin America and substitution of locally grown protein, such as rapeseed cake, in Sweden. 
外文关键词：Soy-feed, Value chains, LCA, GM policy, Sweden
作者：Eriksson, Mattias; Ghosh, Ranjan; Hansson, Emma; Basnet, Shyam; Lagerkvist, Carl-Johan
作者单位：Swedish Univ Agr Sci
期刊名称：JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
期刊影响因子：5.651
出版年份：2018
出版刊次：5
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