中文摘要：玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN)，有着雌激素活性的霉菌毒素，能使哺乳动物产生不良的内分泌影响而倍受关注。谷类作物和粮食类食品都发现有ZEN，还经常伴随有其不能用常规污染物分析法检测到的修改（“隐蔽”）形式，如ZEN-O-β-葡萄糖苷及ZEN-14-硫酸盐。这些物质会加重雌激素暴露，因为它们在胃肠道裂解为ZEN，并在动物和人体内进一步代谢生成α-和β-玉米赤霉烯醇(α-ZEL和β-ZEL)。ZEN及其代谢物主要以缀合物形式从尿液排出，这就可以通过生物标记的方法监测人体暴露情况。本文报道了一项新的研究，德国成年人(n = 60)尿液中的苷元经酶水解和免疫亲和柱纯化后，用LC-MS/MS分析法测定ZEN、α-ZEL和β-ZEL。结果表明，生物监测有助于评估消费者的雌激素霉菌毒素ZEN及其修改形式暴露并识别高危人群。
外文摘要：Zearalenone (ZEN), a mycotoxin with estrogenic activity, can exert adverse endocrine effects in mammals and is thus of concern for humans. ZEN is found in cereal crops and grain-based foods, often along with modified (‘masked’) forms usually not detected in routine contaminant analysis, e.g., ZEN-O-β-glucosides and ZEN-14-sulfate. These contribute to mycoestrogen exposure, as they are cleaved in the gastrointestinal tract to ZEN, and further metabolized in animals and humans to α- and β-zearalenol (α-ZEL and β-ZEL). ZEN and its metabolites are mainly excreted as conjugates in urine, allowing to monitor human exposure by a biomarker-based approach. Here, we report on a new study in German adults (n = 60) where ZEN, α-ZEL, and β-ZEL were determined by LC-MS/MS analysis after enzymatic hydrolysis and immunoaffinity column clean-up of the aglycones in urines. Biomarkers were detected in all samples: ZEN ranges 0.04–0.28 (mean 0.10 ± 0.05; median 0.07) ng/mL; α-ZEL ranges 0.06–0.45 (mean 0.16 ± 0.07; median 0.13) ng/mL, and β-ZEL ranges 0.01–0.20 (mean 0.05 ± 0.04; median 0.03) ng/mL. Notably, average urinary levels of α-ZEL, the more potent estrogenic metabolite, are higher than those of ZEN, while β-ZEL (less estrogenic than ZEN) is found at lower levels than the parent mycotoxin. Similar results were found in ten persons who collected multiple urine samples to gain more insight into temporal fluctuations in ZEN biomarker levels; here some urines had higher maximal concentrations of total ZEN (the sum of ZEN, α-ZEL, and β-ZEL) with 1.6 and 1.01 ng/mL, i.e., more than those found in the majority of other urines. A preliminary approach to translate the new urinary biomarker data into dietary mycotoxin intake suggests that exposure of most individuals in our cohort is probably below the tolerable daily intake (TDI) of 0.25 µg/kg b.w. set by EFSA as group value for ZEN and its modified forms while that of some individuals exceed it. In conclusion, biomonitoring can help to assess consumer exposure to the estrogenic mycotoxin ZEN and its modified forms and to identify persons at higher risk.
外文关键词：Biomarkers；Mycoestrogen；Urine；Zearalenone
作者：Ali, N；Degen, GH
作者单位：TU Dortmund
期刊名称：ARCHIVES OF TOXICOLOGY
期刊影响因子：6.637
出版年份：2018
出版刊次：8
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