中文摘要：人类致癌物黄曲霉毒素M1（AFM1），出现在乳制品中，可能对牛奶消费者产生严重的健康影响。本研究采用最大毒力假设及先前的研究数据，评估了肯尼亚内罗比因牛奶所含的AFM1引发的癌症及发育迟缓风险。研究显示,如果单考虑癌症风险，那么对内罗毕牛奶中黄曲霉毒素的担忧有些过度，而从公共卫生角度来看，对发育迟缓儿童的影响可能更为显著；但是，目前仍缺乏足够的AFM1 影响健康的数据。
外文摘要：Aflatoxin M-1 (AFM(1)), a human carcinogen, is found in milk products and may have potentially severe health impacts on milk consumers. We assessed the risk of cancer and stunting as a result of AFM(1) consumption in Nairobi, Kenya, using worst case assumptions of toxicity and data from previous studies. Almost all (99.5%) milk was contaminated with AFM(1). Cancer risk caused by AFM(1) was lower among consumers purchasing from formal markets (0.003 cases per 100,000) than for low-income consumers (0.006 cases per 100,000) purchasing from informal markets. Overall cancer risk (0.004 cases per 100,000) from AFM(1) alone was low. Stunting is multifactorial, but assuming only AFM(1) consumption was the determinant, consumption of milk contaminated with AFM(1) levels found in this study could contribute to 2.1% of children below three years in middle-income families, and 2.4% in low-income families, being stunted. Overall, 2.7% of children could hypothetically be stunted due to AFM(1) exposure from milk. Based on our results AFM(1) levels found in milk could contribute to an average of -0.340 height for age z-score reduction in growth. The exposure to AFM(1) from milk is 46 ng/day on average, but children bear higher exposure of 3.5 ng/kg bodyweight (bw)/day compared to adults, at 0.8 ng/kg bw/day. Our paper shows that concern over aflatoxins in milk in Nairobi is disproportionate if only risk of cancer is considered, but that the effect on stunting children might be much more significant from a public health perspective; however, there is still insufficient data on the health effects of AFM(1).
外文关键词：urban consumers；cancer；stunting；milk；dairy products
作者：Ahlberg, S；Grace, D；Kiarie, G；Kirino, Y；Lindahl, J
作者单位：Int Livestock Res Inst
期刊名称：TOXINS
期刊影响因子：3.571
出版年份：2018
出版刊次：9
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