中文摘要：氮是植物生长的关键因素，氮输入是提高作物生长和产量的重要策略之一。然而，氮输入可能会对昆虫的发生率产生积极或消极的影响。氮也是构成杀虫晶体（Cry）蛋白的主要元素之一。Cry蛋白产量可能会影响转基因作物的氮分配，这些氮输入可能会影响转基因水稻的病虫害管理。为了检验这种可能性，我们评估了氮肥对转基因Bt水稻T2A-1和T1C-19、及非转基因水稻MH63的主要害虫及其天敌的影响。研究发现，在实验室和现场实验中不同氮水平的Cry蛋白对稻纵卷叶螟都有足够的杀虫活性。实验室研究表明，转基因水稻与MH63水稻的氮输入会显著影响非目标害虫褐飞虱生态适应性相关参数。不同水稻品种中褐飞虱的若虫存活率、成虫寿命，和蛋孵化率有显著差异。稻田实验表明，氮素与转基因水稻和MH63水稻中的褐飞虱呈正相关。两个天敌的丰度均受水稻生长期的影响，而受氮输入和水稻品种的影响。研究结果表明，转基因水稻与MH63水稻的高氮水平不利于害虫管理。
外文摘要：Nitrogen is a critical factor for plant development and nitrogen input is one of the important tactics to enhance the development and yield of crops. Nevertheless, nitrogen input could influence the occurrence of insects positively or negatively. Nitrogen is also one of the main elements composing the insecticidal crystal (Cry) protein. Cry protein production could affect nitrogen partitioning in Bt plants and as such nitrogen input may influence insect pest management in transgenic Bt rice, Oryza sativa L. (Poaceae). To test this possibility, we evaluated the impacts of nitrogen regimes on the main insect pests and their predators on two Bt rice lines, T2A-1 and T1C-19, expressing Cry2A and Cry1C, respectively, and their non-transgenic parental counterpart MH63. The results showed that Cry proteins with different nitrogen regimes have enough insecticidal activity on rice leaffolder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenee (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), in both laboratory and field experiments. Laboratory studies indicated that relevant parameters of ecological fitness in brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stal) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), a non-target insect pest, were significantly affected by nitrogen input both on Bt and MH63 rice lines. Nymphal survival, female adult longevity, and egg hatchability in N. lugens differed significantly among rice varieties. The experiments conducted in rice fields also demonstrated that nitrogen was positively correlated with the abundance of N. lugens on Bt rice, similar to that on MH63 rice. The abundances of two predators - the wolf spider Pirata subpiraticus (Boesenberg & Strand) (Araneae: Lycosidae) and the bug Cyrthorhinus lividipennis Reuter (Hemiptera: Miridae) - were significantly affected by rice growth stages but not by nitrogen input and rice varieties. In conclusion, the above results indicate that high nitrogen regimes for Bt rice (T2A-1 and T1C-19) and non-Bt rice (MH63) cannot facilitate the management of insect pests.
外文关键词：nitrogen management; population growth; ecological fitness; Cry protein; arthropods; Oryza sativa; Poaceae; Cnaphalocrocis medinalis; Nilaparvatis lugens; Pirata subpiraticus; Cyrthorinus lividipennis; Lepidoptera; Hemiptera
作者：Yang, Yajun; Liu, Kai; Han, Hailiang; 等
作者单位：Zhejiang Acad Agr Sci
期刊名称：ENTOMOLOGIA EXPERIMENTALIS ET APPLICATA
期刊影响因子：1.442
出版年份：2016
出版刊次：9
点击下载：氮肥对转基因Bt水稻T2A-1和T1C-19的主要害虫及其天敌的影响