中文摘要：关于镰刀菌在空气尘埃或雨水中存在的研究并不常见。但作者在2007年采集的样本数据表明，有一些类型的镰刀菌可以通过雨水传播。为了确定镰刀菌在雨水中的存在规律，作者在西班牙格拉纳达地中海沿岸设立了三个检测点，检测点之间的距离为10km，并系统收集了一年的样本数据。从一年中每一次明显降雨过程中收集得到共计179个雨水样品。从中共分离出8种不同的镰刀菌类型，其中F. oxysporum（32%），F. proliferatum（26%）和F. equiseti（20%）三种在以前的样本中就已发现，另有F. dimerum (3 %), F. semitectum (4.7 %), F. solani (8 %), F. avenaceum (0.5 %)和F. chlamydosporum (3.7 %)五种是首次在雨水中发现的镰刀菌类型。结果与之前在100公里以外的监测点采集的数据是一致的。接种39种不同镰刀菌类型的分离株均对作物表现出致病性，病害的严重程度因作物类型不同而呈现差异性。这就意味着雨水可能是病原体传播到新种植区的有效媒介。本研究揭示了自然环境中镰刀菌属的流行病学相关问题。一些镰刀菌分离株是潜在的毒素（如玉米赤霉烯酮、伏马菌素、串珠镰刀菌素或雪腐镰刀菌烯醇）生产者。
外文摘要：Research focused on the occurrence of Fusarium spp. in atmospheric dust or rainwater is not common. Preliminary studies with four sampling dates in 2007 revealed that several species of Fusarium may also be conveyed by rainwater. In order to determine the regular presence of Fusarium spp. in rainfall water, samples were systematically collected for a year (from October 2009 to October 2010) in three points on the Mediterranean coast of the province of Granada (Spain) 10-km distance between them. Throughout the year of sampling, a total of 179 rainwater samples were collected during every significant rainfall event. Eight different Fusarium species were isolated from the rainwater samples: F. oxysporum (32 %), F. proliferatum (26 %) and F. equiseti (20 %) coincide with previous studies, while F. dimerum (3 %), F. semitectum (4.7 %), F. solani (8 %), F. avenaceum (0.5 %) and F. chlamydosporum (3.7 %) were isolated for the first time from rainwater. Results were consistent with previous surveys conducted 100 km away from the sampling sites. Inoculation of 39 different isolates from five different Fusarium species showed pathogenicity on plants. Disease severity differed depending on the inoculated plant species, which means that rain water can be an effective vector to transport new pathogens into new cultivated areas. This work reveals some epidemiological aspects of Fusarium genus in natural environments. Some of the isolated Fusarium spp. are potential mycotoxin producers, such as zearalenone, fumonisin, moniliformin or nivalenol.
外文关键词：Epidemiology；Spore transport；Airborne spores；Plant pathogenicity
作者：Zafra, JMR；Garcia, MD；Marquina, JT；等
作者单位：Universidad de AlmeríaTechnical University of Madrid
期刊名称：Aerobiologia
期刊影响因子：1.452
出版年份：2016
出版刊次：3
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