中文摘要：串珠镰刀菌是一种引发玉米穗腐病和伏马菌毒素污染玉米颗粒的病原真菌。抗镰刀菌育种成为最经济环保的安全战略。因此，发现抗原和有效分子标记非常重要。抗病玉米穗（CO441 and CO433）和染病玉米穗（CO354 and CO389）分别接种串珠镰刀菌，在接种72小时后，对发病相关基因表达(PR1, PR5, PRm3, PRm6) 以及免受氧化应激的基因表达进行了评估。研究结果显示，未接种的抗性玉米穗具有较高的基因表达和酶活性，突出了组成抗性在限制病原侵染中的关键作用。反之，染病玉米穗只有在接种病原后才会激活防御反应基因，导致过氧化氢和脂质过氧化水平增加，并且酶活性较低。本研究发现的防御基因有助于在抗性基因型选择中开发可以加速常规育种的分子标记。
外文摘要：Fusarium verticillioides is a fungal pathogen of maize that causes ear rot and contaminates the grains with fumonisin mycotoxins. Breeding for resistance to Fusarium emerged as the most economic and environmentally safe strategy; therefore the discovery of resistant sources and effective molecular markers are a priority. Ears of resistant (CO441 and CO433) and susceptible (CO354 and CO389) maize lines were inoculated with F. verticillioides and the expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes (PR1, PR5, PRm3, PRm6) and genes that protect from oxidative stress (peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase) were evaluated in the kernels at 72 h post inoculation. In addition, the oxidation level and the enzymatic activity of ascorbate-glutathione cycle, catalase, superoxide dismutase and cytosolic and wall peroxidases were investigated. The uninoculated kernels of the resistant lines showed higher gene expression and enzymatic activities, highlighting the key role of constitutive resistance in limiting pathogen attack. In contrast, the susceptible lines activated defensive genes only after pathogen inoculation, resulting in increased levels of H2O2 and lipid peroxidation, as well as lower enzymatic activities. The constitutive defenses observed in this study from seed could be profitably exploited to develop markers to speed up conventional breeding programs in the selection of resistant genotypes.
外文关键词：Resistance；Defense systems；Oxidative stress；Fusarium verticillioides；Zea mays
作者：Maschietto, Valentina；Lanubile, Alessandra；Leonardis, Silvana De；等
作者单位：Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Italy
期刊名称：Journal of Plant Physiology
期刊影响因子：2.971
出版年份：2016
出版刊次：8
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