中文摘要：通过文献调查发现，在欧洲不同生物地理区域中，蚯蚓品种与土壤功能显著相关。本研究所定义的重要蚯蚓品种，其依据是欧洲食品安全局关于转基因植物环境风险评估的指导性文件，它们是爱尔兰、瑞典和西班牙三个地区内玉米与（或）土豆轮作可耕土壤中的典型生物。本文通过功能群的识别、非靶标物种的分类、生态标准的物种排名、重点物种的最终选择四个步骤来选择重要的蚯蚓品种，并将其作为转基因植物环境风险评估的非靶标土壤生物。研究发现，这些重要的蚯蚓品种在各自的土壤系统中起着重要的作用，且对生物地理区域有良好的适应性，有望在玉米或马铃薯种植中高丰度出现，并满足基于生活史特征的ERA测试系统的要求。
外文摘要：By means of a literature survey, earthworm species of significant relevance for soil functions in different biogeographical regions of Europe (Atlantic, Boreal, Mediterranean) were identified. These focal earthworm species, defined here according to the EFSA Guidance Document on the environmental risk assessment (ERA) of genetically modified plants, are typical for arable soils under crop rotations with maize and/or potatoes within the three regions represented by Ireland, Sweden and Spain, respectively. Focal earthworm species were selected following a matrix of four steps: Identification of functional groups, categorization of non-target species, ranking species on ecological criteria, and final selection of focal species. They are recommended as appropriate nontarget organisms to assess environmental risks of genetically modified (GM) crops; in this case maize and potatoes. In total, 44 literature sources on earthworms in arable cropping systems including maize or potato from Ireland, Sweden and Spain were collected, which present information on species diversity, individual density and specific relevance for soil functions. By means of condensed literature data, those species were identified which (i) play an important functional role in respective soil systems, (ii) are well adapted to the biogeographical regions, (iii) are expected to occur in high abundances under cultivation of maize or potato and (iv) fulfill the requirements for an ERA test system based on life-history traits. First, primary and secondary endogeic species were categorized as potential species. In step three, eight anecic and endogeic earthworm species belonging to the family Lumbricidae were ranked as relevant species: Aporrectodea caliginosa, Aporrectodea rosea, Aporrectodea longa, Allolobophora chlorotica, Lumbricus terrestris, Lumbricus friendi, Octodrilus complanatus and Octolasion cyaneum. Five out of these eight species are relevant for each biogeographical region with an overlap in the species. Finally, the earthworm species Ap. caliginosa (endogeic, secondary decomposer) and L. terrestris (anecic, primary decomposer) were selected as focal species. In the Mediterranean region L. terrestris may be substituted by the more relevant anecic species L. friendi. The selected focal species are recommended to be included in a standardized laboratory ERA test system based on life-history traits. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
外文关键词：GM maize；GM potato；European biogeographical regions；ERA；EFSA Guidance Document；Focal species
作者：van Capelle, Christine；Schrader, Stefan；Arpaia, Salvatore
作者单位：Fed Res Ctr Cultivated Plants, Julius Kuhn Inst, Inst Natl & Int Plant Hlth
期刊名称：SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
期刊影响因子：3.976
出版年份：2016
出版刊次：4
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