中文摘要：玉米受黑粉病菌污染产生的菌瘿在一定的情况下可以食用，但它们可能受到霉菌毒素的污染。本研究旨在确定在玉米穗繁殖期的各个阶段（R1到R5）以及商品化的黑穗病菌瘿（CSGs）产品中CSGs受霉菌毒素污染的情况。研究结果表明，CSGs会受到产毒真菌侵染和霉菌毒素污染。商用CSGs产品中霉菌毒素的发生率是高度可变的，值得进一步研究。
外文摘要：Corn infected with Ustilago maydis, causal agent of common smut disease, produces galls that are used as food in certain cultures, but may be contaminated with mycotoxins. The objective of this study was to determine mycotoxin levels in common smut galls (CSGs) collected from the field at corn ear reproductive stages R1 through R5 and in commercial CSGs products. The study was conducted in 2012 and 2013. A simple extraction method for five mycotoxins was devised and the results showed the presence of these compounds in CSGs in corn during ear development at various physiological stages. Fumonisin was the major mycotoxin in CSG samples in both 2012 (63%, ≤150.7 μg g?1) and 2013 (46.9%, ≤20.9 μg g?1); followed by aflatoxin (2012: 2%, ≤14.7 ng g?1; 2013: 30.6%, ≤10.8 ng g?1) and zearalenone (2012: ≤41.70 ng g?1; 2013: ≤12.40 ng g?1). Deoxynivalenol (DON) was only detected in 2012 (≤1.6 μg g?1), and cyclopiazonic acid was only detected in 2013 (≤3.18 μg g?1). Commercial canned and fresh CSG samples also contained detectable amounts of mycotoxins including aflatoxin, fumonisin, CPA, and DON.  Aspergillus flavus was isolated from selected 2013 CSG field samples at R2 or older (0–1.6 × 106 cfu/g), whereas Fusarium spp were isolated at R1 or older (0–7.5 × 107 cfu/g). These results indicate that CSGs can be infected with mycotoxigenic fungi and contaminated with mycotoxins. The incidence of mycotoxins in commercially available CSG products was highly variable and warrants further study.
外文关键词：Aflatoxin；Fumonisin；Deoxynivalenol；Cyclopiazonic acid；Zearalenone；Common smut gall；Commercial products
作者：Abbas, Hamed K.; Shier, W. Thomas; Plasencia, Javier; Weaver, Mark A.;Bellaloui, Nacer; Kotowicz, Jeremy K.; Butler, Alemah M.; Accinelli,Cesare; Eugenia de la Torre-Hernandez, M.; Zablotowicz, Robert M.
作者单位：USDA,USA
期刊名称：FOOD CONTROL
期刊影响因子：3.388
出版年份：2017
出版刊次：1
点击下载：田间或商用食品中玉米黑粉病菌瘿的霉菌毒素污染研究