中文摘要：在某些情况下，转Bt基因抗虫棉的种植可减少杀虫剂的使用从而获得环境和经济效益。然而，因非靶标或二级害虫的爆发，这些效益和风险在棉花种植者和棉花种植区的分布是不均匀的，从而需要继续使用合成杀虫剂。在美国东南部，转Bt基因抗虫棉的种植增加了蝽虫、Euschistus SERVUS和稻绿蝽的数量和损害，而这些虫害增加的原因尚不清楚。本文假设，在转Bt基因抗虫棉中Bt易感靶标害虫的竞争性释放会驱使椿象害虫的爆发。研究发现，与以前的研究相比，仅E. servusDE离开率不同，但两者都极力避免在受损的玉米上产卵。在转基因Bt抗虫棉中，椿象害虫竞争性释放可能有助于其爆发，但竞争性释放的相对重要性仍然是一个悬而未决的问题。研究结果表明，转Bt基因作物和其他转基因抗虫作物的生态风险评估将有利于更深入地了解非靶标害虫爆发的生态机制。
外文摘要：The adoption of transgenic Bt cotton has, in some cases, led to environmental and economic benefits through reduced insecticide use. However, the distribution of these benefits and associated risks among cotton growers and cotton-growing regions has been uneven due in part to outbreaks of non-target or secondary pests, thereby requiring the continued use of synthetic insecticides. In the southeastern USA, Bt cotton adoption has resulted in increased abundance of and damage from stink bug pests, Euschistus servus and Nezara viridula (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). While the impact of increased stink bug abundance has been well-documented, the causes have remained unclear. We hypothesize that release from competition with Bt-susceptible target pests may drive stink bug outbreaks in Bt cotton. We first examined the evidence for competitive release of stink bugs through meta-analysis of previous studies. We then experimentally tested if herbivory by Bt-susceptible Helicoverpa zea increases stink bug leaving rates and deters oviposition on non-Bt cotton. Consistent with previous studies, we found differences in leaving rates only for E. servus, but we found that both species strongly avoided ovipositing on H. zea-damaged plants. Considering all available evidence, competitive release of stink bug populations in Bt cotton likely contributes to outbreaks, though the relative importance of competitive release remains an open question. Ecological risk assessments of Bt crops and other transgenic insecticidal crops would benefit from greater understanding of the ecological mechanisms underlying non-target pest outbreaks and greater attention to indirect ecological effects more broadly.
 
外文关键词：Bt cotton；Gossypium hirsutum；induced resistance；non-target effects；Pentatomidae；pest outbreak；transgenic insecticidal crops
作者：Zeilinger, Adam R；Olson, Dawn M；Andow, David A
作者单位：明尼苏达大学
期刊名称：ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS
期刊影响因子：4.252
出版年份：2016
出版刊次：6
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