中文摘要：赤霉病是全球最严重的谷物病害之一。主要发生的镰刀菌种类不同，引发的谷物病害也不同，并受天气和种植技术等因素影响。本研究通过检测不同镰刀菌种类引发的大麦病害发病率及霉菌毒素含量，发现大麦中优势菌种为禾谷镰刀菌，最主要的霉菌毒素为脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇；研究瑞士三种主要的耕作模式对大麦感染真菌及毒素积累的影响，发现有机栽培的大麦发病率和毒素积累量最低；与其它作物相比，以玉米为前作的大麦样品中禾谷镰刀菌感染大幅上升， DON含量升高；用少耕地种植大麦，比用耕过的地种植大麦，其病害发生率及毒素含量均更高。此外，高氮施肥与使用杀菌剂及生长调节剂一样，会增加镰刀菌感染。本研究结果可用于开发最佳耕作模式，以减少霉菌毒素污染的风险。
 
外文摘要：Fusarium head blight is one of the most important cereal diseases worldwide. Cereals differ in terms of the main occurring Fusarium species and the infection is influenced by various factors, such as weather and cropping measures. Little is known about Fusarium species in barley in Switzerland, hence, harvest samples from growers have been collected in 2013 and 2014, along with information on respective cropping factors. The incidence of different Fusarium species was obtained by using a seed health test and mycotoxins were quantified by LC-MS/MS. With these techniques, the most dominant species, F. graminearum, and the most prominent mycotoxin, deoxynivalenol, were identified. Between the three main Swiss cropping systems, "Organic", "Extenso" and "Proof of ecological performance", we observed differences with the lowest incidence and toxin accumulation in organically cultivated barley. Hence, we hypothesise that this finding was based on an array of growing techniques within a given cropping system. We observed that barley samples from fields with maize as previous crop had a substantially higher F. graminearum incidence and elevated deoxynivalenol accumulation compared with other previous crops. Furthermore, the use of reduced tillage led to a higher disease incidence and toxin content compared with samples from ploughed fields. Further factors increasing Fusarium infection were high nitrogen fertilisation as well as the application of fungicides and growth regulators. Results from the current study can be used to develop optimised cropping systems that reduce the risks of mycotoxin contamination.
外文关键词：Cereal；barley；Fusarium head blight；Gibberella zeae；mycotoxin；tillage；previous crop；monitoring
作者：Schoneberg, T；Martin, C；Wettstein, FE；Bucheli, TD；Mascher, F；Bertossa, M；Musa, T；Keller, B；Vogelgsang, S
作者单位：Agroscope
期刊名称：FOOD ADDITIVES AND CONTAMINANTS PART A-CHEMISTRY ANALYSIS CONTROL EXPOSURE & RISK ASSESSMENT
期刊影响因子：1.878
出版年份：2016
出版刊次：10
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