中文摘要：转基因植物的非靶效应是值得关注的问题，但其对农业耕地和相邻的自然水生生态系统的影响却很少被关注。本文在两个生长季节进行了田间试验，来检测转Bt基因水稻的种植对稻田及邻近沟渠中浮游植物群落和浮游动物群落的影响。研究发现，可在土壤中检测到bt毒素，但在水中检测不到bt毒素；且在非转基因水稻和转Bt基因水稻的水质没有显著不同，但在沟渠的上、中、下游各不相同。转基因水稻的种植对浮游动物群落的影响不明显。在2013年，转基因稻田和非转基因稻田中浮游植物的丰度和生物多样性没有显着差异，但是在2014年转基因稻田比非转基因稻田的浮游植物更丰富。另外，沟渠中浮游植物和浮游动物在中下游比上游更丰富，这是因为水质差异的影响。研究结果表明，转基因作物的种植对浮游生物群落的组成没有直接影响，但在管理规划和决策过程中应考虑其改变环境的间接影响。
外文摘要：The non-target effects of transgenic plants are issues of concern; however, their impacts in cultivated agricultural fields and adjacent natural aquatic ecosystems are poorly understood. We conducted field experiments during two growing seasons to determine the effects of cultivating Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)-transgenic rice on the phytoplankton and zooplankton communities in a paddy field and an adjacent ditch. Bt toxin was detected in soil but not in water. Water quality was not significantly different between non-Bt and Bt rice fields, but varied among up-, mid-and downstream locations in the ditch. Cultivation of Bt-transgenic rice had no effects on zooplankton communities. Phytoplankton abundance and biodiversity were not significantly different between transgenic and non-transgenic rice fields in 2013; however, phytoplankton were more abundant in the transgenic rice field than in the non-transgenic rice field in 2014. Water quality and rice type explained 65.9% and 12.8% of this difference in 2014, respectively. Phytoplankton and zooplankton were more abundant in mid-and downstream, than upstream, locations in the ditch, an effect that we attribute to water quality differences. Thus, the release of Bt toxins into field water during the cultivation of transgenic crops had no direct negative effects on plankton community composition, but indirect effects that alter environmental conditions should be taken into account during the processes of management planning and policymaking.
外文关键词：Aquatic ecosystems；Biodiversity indices；Bt-transgenic rice；Non-target effects；Plankton community
作者：Liu, Yongbo；Liu, Fang；Wang, Chao；等
作者单位：中国环境科学研究院
期刊名称：SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
期刊影响因子：3.976
出版年份：2016
出版刊次：9
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