中文摘要：本文是十年来首次以食用频率较高的蔬菜为样本进行蔬菜多类农药残留毒理学评估和健康风险研究，研究以1075种块茎、根、果及甘蓝类蔬菜为样本，研究结果发现20%的蔬菜样本中均含有38种农药残留且农药残留量在0.005-18.7μg/kg范围，其中1%的农药残留值大于最大残留值（MRLs）。所有农药残留中，有机磷和氯腈残留污染蔬菜种类最多，达到20%；磺胺残留含量最高，达到18.7μg/kg。本文通过分析检测结果与危害指数（HI）和危害商数（HQ）进行风险评估，成人生菜二嗪磷残留最高慢性危害指数（HI）为每日耐受摄入量的32%，儿童的最高慢性危害指数（HI）为每日耐受摄入量的36%；成人的胡萝卜狄氏剂残留最高慢性危害指数为每日耐受摄入量的26%，儿童为62%。成人的生菜抑菌灵残留最高急性危害指数为急性参考剂量的69%，而儿童远远超出参考剂量耐受值，达到168%。常用剂量的有机磷农药残留的最高危害商数为每日耐受摄入量的108%。为了保障食品安全和人类健康，特别是儿童的健康，食品农药残留检测具有非常重要的意义。
外文摘要：This article describes, for the first time in 10years, the toxicological evaluation of pesticide residues in highly consumed vegetables (35 commodities) and health risk studies. Among 1075 vegetable samples consisting mainly of tuber, root, fruiting, and Brassica, 20% of samples contained 38 pesticides in the range of 0.005-18.7mg/kg and 1% > maximum residue limits (MRLs). Organophosphates and chloronitrile were most frequently found (20%) in the pesticide class. The highest concentration of 18.7mg/kg was noted for dichlofluanid. Fruiting vegetables (8%), especially tomatoes (5%), were the most contaminated, while multi-residues were determined in 5% of the samples. Risk assessment was performed by analytical results and consumption on the 97.5 percentile expressed as hazard index (HI) and hazard quotient (HQ). The highest chronic HI was calculated for diazinon in lettuce (32% Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) adults and 36% children) and for forbidden dieldrin in carrots (26%, 62% ADI). The highest acute HI was estimated for dichlofluanid in lettuce (69% Acute Reference Dose (ARfD)) for adults, whereas for children it was above the acceptance values of ARfD (168%). Organophosphate insecticides with common mode of action showed the greatest HQ (108% ADI). Vegetables may not be a serious problem for consumers, but investigations on pesticide residues are necessary to ensure food safety and the protection of human health, especially toward children who are more highly exposed to pesticides than adults.
 
外文关键词：vegetables, pesticide residues, health risk, hazard index, hazard quotient
作者：Lozowicka, Bozena; Rutkowska, Ewa; Jankowska, Magdalena; Hrynko, Izabela; Kaczynski, Piotr
作者单位：Natl Res Inst, Inst Plant Protect, Lab Pesticide Residues, Chelmonskiego 22, PL-15195 Bialystok, Poland
期刊名称：Human and Ecological Risk Assessment
期刊影响因子：1.306
出版年份：2016
出版刊次：7
点击下载：蔬菜中多种农药残留的毒理学评价及人类健康风险研究